Hamiltonian Approach to Lagrangian Gauge Symmetries

We reconsider the problem of finding all local symmetries of a Lagrangian. Our approach is completely Hamiltonian without any reference to the associated action. We present a simple algorithm for obtaining the restrictions on the gauge parameters entering in the definition of the generator of gauge transformations.Comment: LaTex, 8 pages, Latex error correcte

Master Equation for Lagrangian Gauge Symmetries

Using purely Hamiltonian methods we derive a simple differential equation for the generator of the most general local symmetry transformation of a Lagrangian. The restrictions on the gauge parameters found by earlier approaches are easily reproduced from this equation. We also discuss the connection with the purely Lagrangian approach. The general considerations are applied to the Yang-Mills theory.Comment: 14 pages, Late

Temperature and light requirements for growth of two diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) isolated from an Arctic macroalga

In the present study, two abundant epiphyticdiatom taxa were isolated from the assimilation hairs ofthe brown macroalga Chordaria flagelliformis collected inthe Arctic Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen, Norway), establishedas unialgal cultures and their growth rates determinedunder controlled photon fluence rate andtemperature conditions. Using morphological (light andscanning electron microscopy) and SSU rRNA gene databoth isolates (ROS D99 and ROS D125) were identifiedas members of a FragilariaSynedropsis clade. Themolecular data of ROS D99 and ROS D125 were notidentical to any other published sequence. While ROSD99 has been identified as Fragilaria barbararum mainlydue to the SEM characteristics, ROS D125 could not bedefinitely identified although morphological data speakfor Fragilaria striatula. Both diatom species showedsimilar growth rates at all temperatures and photon fluencerates tested. They grew well between 0 and 15Cwithoptimum temperatures of 1214C, but did not survive20C. Therefore, compared to Antarctic diatoms bothtaxa from Kongsfjorden can be characterised as eurythermalorganisms. Increasing photon fluence rates between2 and 15 lmol m2 s1 were accompanied with analmost twofold increase in growth rates, but photon fluencerates >15 lmol m2 s1 did not further enhancegrowth pointing to low light requirements. From thesedata optimum, minimum and maximum photon fluencerates and temperatures for growth can be assessed indicatingthat both diatoms are well acclimated to the fluctuatingenvironmental conditions in the Arctic habitat

Quantization of spontaneously broken gauge theory based on the BFT-BFV Formalism

We quantize the spontaneously broken abelian U(1) Higgs model by using the improved BFT and BFV formalisms. We have constructed the BFT physical fields, and obtain the first class observables including the Hamiltonian in terms of these fields. We have also explicitly shown that there are exact form invariances between the second class and first class quantities. Then, according to the BFV formalism, we have derived the corresponding Lagrangian having U(1) gauge symmetry. We also discuss at the classical level how one easily gets the first class Lagrangian from the symmetry-broken second class Lagrangian.Comment: 16 pages, latex, final version published in Mod. Phys. Lett.

Qualitative phytochemical screening of indian witchweed: Striga asiatica (L.) O. Ktze - an unexplored medicinal parasitic plant

Many herbal remedies have been employed in various medical systems for the treatment of different diseases. The parasitic plant Striga asiatica (L.) O. Ktze commonly known as witch weed belongs to family Scrophulariaceae has been used in different system of traditional medicine for curing various diseases and ailments of human beings. The present study deals with the qualitative phytochemical screening of Striga asiatica (L.) O. Ktze of whole plant powder in six different extracts (i.e. petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and water). The extracts showed the prominently presence of phytoconstituents like carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin, phenolics, steroids, coumarins and saponin. However anthroquinone glycosides and quinone are totally absent in all extracts. Most of the phytoconstituents from Striga asiatica (L.) O. Ktze lacks the reports of pharmacological activities, which support its further pharmacological studies

Implementation of Fast, Low Power and Area Efficient Carry Select Adder

One of the fastest adders is Carry Select Adder (CSLA) and it perform fast arithmetic functions in many data processing processors. A conventional CSLA has less carry propagation delay (CPD) than ripple carry adder (RCA). A compromise between RCA and carry look ahead adder is provided by Carry select adder. For the CSLA new logic is proposed by reducing redundant logic operations present in conventional CSLA. In the proposed scheme, schedule the carry select (CS) operation before final sum calculation. which is different approach from the conventional. Two carry words ( cin = 0 and 1) bit patterns and fixed cin bits use for generation units and CS logic optimization. Optimized logic units is used to obtain an efficient CSLA design. The proposed work is carried out using Modelsim SE 6.3f and Quatus2 software. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.16046