Crystal structure of 2-benzylamino-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile

JS and RAN thank the management of The Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai, for their encouragement and support. RRK thanks the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, for funds through Major Research Project F. No. 42–242/2013 (SR).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Whitefly Bemisia Tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Cryptic Species is Closely Associated with Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (Begomovirus: Geminiviridae) Hotspot Regions and Biochemical Changes in Host Plants

The Greengram (Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek) or Mungbean is an important pulse crop cultivated in India. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (Begomovirus; Geminiviridae) is one of the major constrains for the productivity and it is exclusively transmitted by the vector whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). The study reveals that the genetic diversity of B.tabaci is influenced by the begomovirus infection. The sequence analysis of Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase (mtCOI) subunit I PCR products from 21 individual samples shown that exist of B. tabaci cryptic species Asia II 8 and Asia I. Where the Asia II 8 was closely associated with MYMV hotspot regions and Asia I was closely associated with vegetable crops grown in Tamil Nadu. Further laboratory experiment confirmed that the preference of B. tabaci (Asia II 8) was influenced by the MYMV infection status and the non viruliferous whiteflies settled more (55%) on infected plants and the viruliferous whiteflies settled more (62.7%) on non-infected plants. Subsequent biochemical analysis revealed that the preferences are associated with biochemical changes after the virus infection in the plants. Found that the protein, phenol, peroxidase and polyphenol peroxidase contents were increased and the chlorophyll and total sugars were decreased after MYMV infection in greengram. MYMV specific primer was used to detect the virus in greengram and whiteflies

A review on disease Nadi Vrana

Nadi-Vrana is a tubular structure which contains pus within it or Nadi-Vrana is a blind tract which has continuous pus discharge from it. According to various Acharyas, if Vranashopha is not timely drained or treated during its Pakvaavastha or neglected at this stage, it traverses into deeper tissues and results in formation of Nadi-Vrana. The disease nature of the Nadi-Vrana can be correlated to Sinuses of the contemporary science, where Sinus is the epithelial lined tubular structures which contain unhealthy granulation tissue. Acharyas have given detailed explanation on different types of Nadi-Vrana along with its treatments, which include Bhaishajya Chikitsa, Kshara Sutra application, Agnikarma and Shastrakarma. Among these various treatment modalities Kshara Sutra application stands out in present days in combating the disease Nadi-Vrana. Shalyaja/Agantuja Nadi-Vrana can be correlated to Pilonidal sinus by its causative factors and clinical features. In this article the compiled explanation of Nadi-Vrana which includes its causes, classification, signs and symptoms, management and many more descriptions according to Ayurveda and modern medicine will be dealt

Quantum Noise Randomized Ciphers

We review the notion of a classical random cipher and its advantages. We sharpen the usual description of random ciphers to a particular mathematical characterization suggested by the salient feature responsible for their increased security. We describe a concrete system known as AlphaEta and show that it is equivalent to a random cipher in which the required randomization is effected by coherent-state quantum noise. We describe the currently known security features of AlphaEta and similar systems, including lower bounds on the unicity distances against ciphertext-only and known-plaintext attacks. We show how AlphaEta used in conjunction with any standard stream cipher such as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) provides an additional, qualitatively different layer of security from physical encryption against known-plaintext attacks on the key. We refute some claims in the literature that AlphaEta is equivalent to a non-random stream cipher.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A; Discussion augmented and re-organized; Section 5 contains a detailed response to 'T. Nishioka, T. Hasegawa, H. Ishizuka, K. Imafuku, H. Imai: Phys. Lett. A 327 (2004) 28-32 /quant-ph/0310168' & 'T. Nishioka, T. Hasegawa, H. Ishizuka, K. Imafuku, H. Imai: Phys. Lett. A 346 (2005) 7

Soft White Tissue Detection From Pressure Ulcer Images Using Anisotropic Diffused Total Variation Fuzzy C Means

The goal of image segmentation is to cluster pixels into salient image regions. It can identify the regions of interest in an image or annotate the data. In medical imaging, these segments often correspond to different tissue classes, pathologies, or other biologically relevant structures. Medical image segmentation is made difficult by low contrast, noise, and other imaging ambiguities. The goal of segmentation of pressure ulcer images is to find out the level of tissue wound and soft white tissue present. Soft white tissue protein level changes are mostly found in elderly people. Soft white tissue present may be dark red or light yellow gel based on the different imaging modes of severity of pressure ulcer. This helps in diagnosing the disease and to plan for the treatment. The soft white tissue detection is made difficult for the segmentation because of the noise present in the image. Clustering techniques are best suited to segment the input images with noise. Clustering is usually performed when no information is available concerning to the membership of data items to predefined classes. For this reason clustering is traditionally seen as a part of unsupervised learning

PERFORMANCE STUDY OF MOVING BIOFILM AEROBIC SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR (MBASBR) FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAPER AND PULP MILL EFFLUENT

In this study the experiments are conducted to remove the Chemical oxygen demand (COD),Total suspended solids (TSS) and Lignin from paper and pulp mill wastewater using Moving biofilm aerobic sequencing batch reactor (MBASBR) .The laboratory scale reactor of working volume 20 liters used for the study. In addition to the conventional reactor the plastic carrier is used as the moving biomedia for the suspended and attached growth treatment in the reactor. Microbial culture of Phenerochetes chrysosporium and Pseudomonas alcaligens is used for the treatment. These microbes show good attachment with the carrier for the biochemical degradation of the paper and pulp mill wastewater during the treatment process. The average removal efficiencies for COD, TSS and lignin are found to be 96%, 98% and 84 % respectively