Photo-induced relaxation of magnetization in molecular magnet

The experimental study of photo-induced magnetization of hybrid molecular magnet containing cobalt(II) and tungsten(V) magnetic centers bridged by 4,40 -bpy and CN− is presented. The observed increase in magnetization rate is attributed to the defects due to inter-valence transfer between CoIIWV *) CoIIIWIV. The time evolution of magnetization is parameterized by the power law rather than exponential function

Economic evaluation of apple production on a selected fruit farm

Przeprowadzono ocenę ekonomiczną produkcji jabłek w wybranym rodzinnym gospodarstwie sadowniczymi w latach 2004-2006. Stwierdzono, że największy udział w strukturze bezpośrednich kosztów produkcji jabłek stanowiły koszty materiałowe (43,4%) i koszty robo-cizny (38,0%). Dochód z produkcji jabłek w poszczególnych latach badań zależał głównie od wielkości plonu oraz kosztów ponoszonych na produkcję i zmieniał się od 6996 zł*ha-1 w 2006 r. do 14225 zł*ha-1 w 2005 r. Współczynnik efektywności ekonomicznej produkcji jabłek wynosił od 1,68 w 2006 r. do 2,78 w 2005 r.Economic evaluation of apple production on selected family fruit farm was carried out in the years 2004-2006. It turned out that the material and lab our costs were accounted for the biggest share in the structure of apple production costs, being 43.4% and 38%, respectively. Earnings from apple production in particular years depended mainly on the yield volume and the costs incurred on production, and they ranged from 6996 PLN/ha in 2006, to 14225 PLN/ha in 2005. Economic efficiency ratio of apple production ranged within 1.68 in 2006 and 2.78 in 2005

Engineering of the XY Magnetic Layered System with Adeninium Cations Monocrystalline Angle Resolved Studies of Nonlinear Magnetic Susceptibility

[Image: see text] An original example of modular crystal engineering involving molecular magnetic {Cu(II)[W(V)(CN)(8)]}(−) bilayers and adeninium cations (AdeH(+)) toward the new layered molecular magnet (AdeH){Cu(II)[W(V)(CN)(8)]}·2H(2)O (1) is presented. 1 crystallizes within the monoclinic C2 space group (a = 41.3174(12), b = 7.0727(3), c = 7.3180(2) Å, β = 93.119(3)°, and V = 2135 Å(3)). The bilayer topology is based on a stereochemical matching between the square pyramidal shape of Cu(II) moiety and the bicapped trigonal prismatic shape of [W(V)(μ-CN)(5)(CN)(3)], and the separation between bilayers is significantly increased (by ∼50%; from ca. 9.5 to ca. 14.5 Å) compared to several former analogues in this family. This was achieved via a unique combination of (i) a 1D ribbonlike hydrogen bond system {AdeH(+)···H(2)O···AdeH(+)···}(∞) exploiting planar water-assisted Hoogsteen···Sugar synthons with (ii) parallel 1D π–π stacks {AdeH(+)···AdeH(+)}(∞). In-plane 2D XY magnetism is characterized by a T(c) close to 33 K, H(c,in-plane) = 60 Oe, and H(c,out-of-plane) = 750 Oe, high values of in-plane γ critical exponents (γ(b) = 2.34(6) for H||b and γ(c) = 2.16(5) for H||c), and a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) topological phase transition, deduced from crystal-orientation-dependent scaling analysis. The obtained values of in-plane ν critical exponents, ν(b) = 0.48(5) for H||b and ν(c) = 0.49(3) for H||c, confirm the BKT transition (ν(BKT) = 0.5). Full-range angle-resolved monocrystalline magnetic measurements supported by dedicated calculations indicated the occurrence of nonlinear susceptibility performance within the easy plane in a magnetically ordered state. We refer the occurrence of this phenomenon to spontaneous resolution in the C2 space group, a tandem not observed in studies on previous analogues and rarely reported in the field of molecular materials. The above magneto-supramolecular strategy may provide a novel means for the design of 2D molecular magnetic networks and help to uncover the inherent phenomena