Effect of high-temperature heat treatment duration on the purity and microstructure of MWCNTs

The effect of high-temperature heat treatment on purity and structural changes of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied by subjecting the raw MWCNTs (pristine MWCNTs) to 2600∘C for 60 and 120 min. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effect of heat-treatment duration on the purity and structural changes of MWCNTs. Results show that high-temperature heat treatment can be used to purify MWCNTs with proper optimization of treatment time. It was observed that 60 min heat treatment of raw MWCNTs imparts high purity and structural perfection to MWCNTs, while 120 min heat treatment imparts structural degradation to MWCNTs with collapse of the innermost shells. The present study indicates that metal impurities act as moderators in controlling the degradation of MWCNTs up to certain duration, and once the metal impurities escape completely, further heat treatment degrades the structure of MWCNTs

IoT Based Industrial Production Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Networks

The objective of the work is to monitoring the production lines in industry using wireless sensor networks. This work presents the benefits of an automated data collection and display system for production lines. It involves wireless sensor networks for monitoring the productions in industry. Condition monitoring reduces human inspection requirements through automated monitoring, reduces maintenance through detecting faults before they escalate and improves safety and reliability. This work can monitor productions using temperature, voltage and current sensors with support of microcontroller. The relay is acts like a switch to monitor the production lines. In this work, Global System for Mobile communication technique is used to transferring the collected data. The collection of data, it is transferred into computerize spreadsheet in the remote office by authorized personnel for reporting purpose. The system will generate an automated report which stays in place and the management only needs to act base on the results. This work is cost effective automatic data collection is the alternative to manual data collection. It significantly improves the accuracy of the valuable reports for the management. It also reduces the time for identifying the fault using this techniqu

Epidemiological review and clinicopathological study of gastric adenocarcinoma cases in a tertiary care center in North Chennai, India

Background: Gastric carcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The Incidence of gastric carcinoma shows wide geographic and regional variation as well. The clinical presentation varies with the individual and hence histopathological evaluation plays a major role in the diagnosis and management of the patients. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and clinicopathological profile of gastric adenocarcinoma cases encountered in a tertiary care center in North Chennai where only limited statistical data available in literature.Methods: All the gastric adenocarcinoma cases diagnosed by histopathology who underwent total/subtotal gastrectomy were retrospectively collected for clinical as well as histopathological details for a year. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.Results: The mean age of the study population is 59.3±11.3 with male: female sex ratio of 2.1:1. Higher prevalence noted in lower socioeconomic status (80%) and alcoholics (65%) with a history of high salted diet (62%). Most common presenting symptom was dyspepsia (94%). Upper GI endoscopy revealed antrum (42%) as the commonest site of tumor and majority were more than 5 cm size (75%). 62% of tumors were of moderately differentiated, predominantly intestinal type (86%) and mostly found to be in stage 3 (50%).Conclusions: Gastric adenocarcinoma was more common in elderly males and majority presented in advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. The General public needs to be creating awareness about variable nonspecific symptoms of an early stage of gastric carcinoma as well as the risk of poor dietary habits (high salted diet) and can enforce screening of high-risk category people

ADVANCED RANDOM TIME QUEUE BLOCKING WITH TRAFFIC PREDICTION FOR DEFENSE OF LOW-RATE DOS ATTACKS AGAINST APPLICATION SERVERS

Among many strategies of Denial of Services, low-rate traffic denial-of-service (DoS) attacks are more significant. This strategy denies the services of a network by detection of the vulnerabilities in performance of the application. In this research, an efficient defence methodology is developed against low-rate DoS attack in the application servers. Though, the Improved Random Time Queue Blocking (IRTQB) technique can eliminate the vulnerabilities in the network and also avoiding the attacker from capturing all the server queue positions by defining a spatial similarity metric (SSM). However, the differentiation of the attack requests from the legitimate users’ is not always efficient since only the source IP addresses and the record timestamp are considered in the SSM. It was improved by using Advanced Random Time Queue Blocking (ARTQB) scheme that employed Bandwidth utilization of attacker in IRTQB to detect the DoS attack that normally consumes a huge number of resources of the server. However, this method becomes ineffective when the attack consumes more network traffic. In this paper, an efficient detection technique called Advanced Random Time Queue Blocking with Traffic Prediction (ARTQB-TP) is proposed for defining SSM which contains, Source IP, timestamp, Bandwidth between two requests and the difference between the attack traffic and legitimate traffic. The ARTQB-TP technique is utilized to reduce the attack efficiency in 18 different server configurations which are more vulnerable to the DoS attacks and where the attacks may also have a chance to improve its effectiveness. Experimental results show that the proposed system performs better protection of application servers against the LRDoS attacks by solving its impacts on any kind of server architectures and reduced the attack efficiencies of all the types of attack strategies

A prospective clinico‑hematological study in 100 cases of Pancytopenia in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Pancytopenia is encountered regularly in haematology practice, yet there exist only few published assessments of the frequencies of various aetiologies and this exhibit substantial geographic variation. Pancytopenia is a manifestation of many life- threatening diseases with a wide range of differential diagnosis. Haematological investigation forms the bedrock in the detection and management of patients with pancytopenia.Methods: This study is a prospective study conducted in the Institute of pathology and haematology, Madras medical college and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai during the period from August 2015 to August 2016 on 100 cases. Case selection is based on clinical features and supported by laboratory evidence. Peripheral smear was obtained and stained by Leishman stain for all cases and examined in detail. Bone marrow aspiration /biopsy was subsequently carried out under aseptic precautions.Results: Among the 100 cases studied, age of the patients ranged from 13 to 80 years with a slight male predominance. Most of the patients presented with generalized weakness and fever. The commonest cause for pancytopenia was aplastic anaemia followed by megaloblastic anaemia. The other causes include acute myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis, multiple myeloma, malarial parasite, miliary tuberculosis and osteopetrosis.Conclusions: Pancytopenia can be diagnosed, and its etiological profile can be ascertained with the help of detailed clinical history, meticulous physical examination and haematological investigations. Every attempt should be done to establish the underlying cause so that treatable conditions are diagnosed without delay and prognosis is improved

A True Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Rural Obesity Reduction Program (Behavioural Interventions) on Knowledge, Attitude, Practice towards Obesity and Obesity Reduction among the Obese Adult Population at Selected Rural Communities of Omayal Achi Community Health Centre

Non communicable diseases (NCDs), also referred to as chronic diseases, are the leading causes of death worldwide responsible for 63% of the 57 million deaths that occurred in 2008. The majority of these deaths -36 million - were attributed to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, cancers and chronic respiratory diseases, and also 80 percent of NCD deaths were in developing countries, up from 40 percent in 1990. NCDs will steadily increase the number of healthy years lost (or disability-adjusted life years—DALYs) in middle-income countries, but the loss will increase very quickly in low-income countries. By 2030, low-income countries will have eight times more deaths attributed to NCDs than high-income countries1. According to WHO Metabolic/physiological risk factors like raised blood pressure, overweight/obesity, hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) and hyperlipidemia (high levels of fat in the blood) causes key metabolic/physiological changes that increase the risk of NCDs. In terms of attributable deaths, the leading NCD risk factor globally is elevated blood pressure (to which 16.5% of global deaths are attributed) followed by tobacco use (9%), raised blood glucose (6%), physical inactivity (6%) and overweight and obesity (5%). Low- and middle-income countries are witnessing the fastest rise in overweight among young children The study concluded that the RORP is an effective intervention strategy in the prevention and management of obesity. Hence, the study recommended the utilization of RORP by the Community Health Nurses, Nurse Researchers, Nurse Administrators, Nurse Educators and Primary and Secondary health care professionals to prevent and manage obesity, to increase awareness towards obesity and to change the behaviour towards the lifestyle modifications

Expression of HLA 1 and CD 8 in cancer cervix patients

BACKGROUND: The local tissue immune status may play a role in cancer cervix. The aim of our study is to examine the expression of HLA 1 and CD 8 in various types of carcinoma cervix and to correlate them according to their grades of malignancy. METHODS: We chose the hysterectomy and small cervical biopsy tissues of cervical cancer and then detected the expression of HLA 1 and CD 8 using SP immunohistochemistry. The associations of the HLA 1 and CD 8 expression with the clinicopathologic profiles of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The positive staining of HLA class 1 antigen in well differentiated carcinoma is 7 out of 24 SCC cases and the negative staining of HLA class 1 in poorly differentiated form of SCC is 5 out of 24 cases. This also correlates with the expression of CD 8. CONCLUSION: The expression of HLA 1 and also CD 8 are downregulated in poorly differentiated carcinomas and it is more efficiently expressed in well differentiated forms which indicates that there is a good prognosis in well differentiated carcinomas because of HLA 1expression and cytotoxic destruction of tumor cells by CD 8 + lymphocytes