8,993 research outputs found
LONG-TERM PROJECTIONS OF CHINA'S SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF ANIMAL FEEDSTUFFS
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001. The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University. Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products. The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost? What will be the flow-on impacts, for example, in terms of increased demands for feedgrains and the pressures for change within marketing systems? A supply-side response has been the continued development of large-scale, urban-based industrial livestock production systems that in many cases give rise to environmental concerns. If additional imports seem required, where will they originate and what about food security in the importing regions? How might market access conditions be re-negotiated to make increased imports achievable? Other important issues discussed involved food safety, animal health and welfare and the adoption of biotechnology, and their interactions with the negotiation of reforms to domestic and trade policies. Individual papers from this conference are available on AgEcon Search. If you would like to see the complete agenda and set of papers from this conference, please visit the IATRC Symposium web page at: http://www1.umn.edu/iatrc.intro.htmDemand and Price Analysis, Production Economics,
A theoretical model of scanning tunneling microscopy: Application to the graphite (0001) and Au(111) surfaces
An expression for the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) current between the tip and sample is presented using first-order perturbation theory for a two-Hamiltonian formalism ("reactants" and "products"). The calculated STM current depends on the square of the sample-tip matrix elements, averaged over a selection of random points in wave vector space. In the limit of low voltage and temperature, this averaging is over the Fermi surface of the sample. The model is applied to the graphite (0001) and Au(111) surfaces using a simple model (chain) of a tungsten tip and the tight-binding approximation. Comparisons with experiments and with the result for graphite obtained by Tersoff and Lang using a molybdenum tip are given. The theory is applied elsewhere to STM of adsorbates
Surface properties of solids using a semi-infinite approach and the tight-binding approximation
A semi-infinite approach (rather than a slab method or finite number of layers) is used to treat surface properties such as wave functions, energy levels, and Fermi surfaces of semi-infinite solids within the tight-binding (TB) approximation. Previous single-band results for the face-centered cubic lattice with a (111) surface and for the simple cubic lattice with a (001) surface are extended to semi-infinite layers, while the extension to calculations of other surfaces is straightforward. Treatment of more complicated systems is illustrated in the calculation of the graphite (0001) surface. Four interacting bands are considered in the determination of the wave functions, energies, and Fermi surface of the graphite (0001) surface. For the TB model used, the matrix elements in the secular determinants for the semi-infinite solid and for the infinite bulk solid obey the same expressions, and the wave functions are closely related. Accordingly, the results for the bulk system can then be directly applied to the semi-infinite one. The main purpose of the present paper is to provide wave functions and other properties used elsewhere to treat phenomena such as scanning tunneling microscopy and electron transfer rates at electrodes
Spin correlated interferometry for polarized and unpolarized photons on a beam splitter
Spin interferometry of the 4th order for independent polarized as well as
unpolarized photons arriving simultaneously at a beam splitter and exhibiting
spin correlation while leaving it, is formulated and discussed in the quantum
approach. Beam splitter is recognized as a source of genuine singlet photon
states. Also, typical nonclassical beating between photons taking part in the
interference of the 4th order is given a polarization dependent explanation.Comment: RevTeX, 19 pages, 1 ps figure, author web page at
http://m3k.grad.hr/pavici
New Approach on the General Shape Equation of Axisymmetric Vesicles
The general Helfrich shape equation determined by minimizing the curvature
free energy describes the equilibrium shapes of the axisymmetric lipid bilayer
vesicles in different conditions. It is a non-linear differential equation with
variable coefficients. In this letter, by analyzing the unique property of the
solution, we change this shape equation into a system of the two differential
equations. One of them is a linear differential equation. This equation system
contains all of the known rigorous solutions of the general shape equation. And
the more general constraint conditions are found for the solution of the
general shape equation.Comment: 8 pages, LaTex, submit to Mod. Phys. Lett.
Bounds on Negativity of Superpositions
The entanglement quantified by negativity of pure bipartite superposed states
is studied. We show that if the entanglement is quantified by the concurrence
two pure states of high fidelity to one another still have nearly the same
entanglement. Furthermore this conclusion can be guaranteed by our obtained
inequality, and the concurrence is shown to be a continuous function even in
infinite dimensions. The bounds on the negativity of superposed states in terms
of those of the states being superposed are obtained. These bounds can find
useful applications in estimating the amount of the entanglement of a given
pure state.Comment: 5 page
Mode-Locked Two-Photon States
The concept of mode locking in laser is applied to a two-photon state with
frequency entanglement. Cavity enhanced parametric down-conversion is found to
produce exactly such a state. The mode-locked two-photon state exhibits a
comb-like correlation function. An unbalanced Hong-Ou-Mandel type
interferometer is used to measure the correlation function. A revival of the
typical interference dip is observed. We will discuss schemes for engineering
of quantum states in time domain.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
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