Dust outflows and inner gaps generated by massive planets in debris disks

Main sequence stars are commonly surrounded by debris disks, formed by cold far-IR-emitting dust that is thought to be continuously replenished by a reservoir of undetected dust-producing planetesimals. We have investigated the orbital evolution of dust particles in debris disks harboring massive planets. Small dust grains are blown out by radiation pressure, as is well known; in addition, gravitational scattering by the giant planets also creates an outflow of large grains. We describe the characteristics of this large-particle outflow in different planetary architectures and for different particle sizes. In addition, the ejection of particles is responsible for the clearing of dust inside the orbit of the planet. We study the efficiency of particle ejection and the resulting dust density contrast inside and outside the orbit of the planet, as a function of the planet's mass and orbital elements and the particle size. We discuss its implications for exo-planetary debris disks and for the interpretation of in-situ dust detection experiments on space probes traveling in the outer solar system.Comment: 32 pages (pre-print format), including 12 figures. Accepted to ApJ (2005). Due to space constrains Fig. 3-6 are at very low resolutio

The single currency and European citizenship

We could expect that the introduction of the single currency had been accompanied by a significant share of studies and researches about the implications and impacts of such a watershed event on European citizenship. On the contrary, we soon discover to be facing a paradox, which could be phrased as follows: while the purpose of building European citizenship is the very rationale for the project of the single currency, the Scholars – but also the policy community – have mostly underestimated if not neglected this relation, both in terms of public policy making and discourse and of interpretation and forecasting. As a consequence of all of that, relevant features of the single currency happened to remain hidden, poorly considered and almost not thematized. In order to fill this gap, the first part of this article will present the main findings emerged from a documentary research conducted by FONDACA between 2010 and 2011, aimed at mapping the existing academic and policy thematizations about the hidden dimensions of the euro. The second part will be devoted to define “the other side of the coin” as an empirical phenomenon

Continuum effects in reactions involving weakly bound nuclei

The relevance of the continuum effects in transfer reactions is discussed in conection with the determination of observables of astrophysical interest. In particular, we examine the validity of the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) as a tool to extract the astrophysical \emph{(S_{17}(0))} factor. For this purpose, we present calculations for the reaction (^{14})N((^{7} )Be,(^{8})B)(^{13})C comparing the DWBA method with the more sophysticated CDCC-Born approximationComment: Contribution to International Symposium on Physics of Unstable Nuclei (ISPUN02) Halong Bay (Vietnam) November 20 to 25, 2002. To be published in Nucl. Phy.

Jet noise source distribution for coplanar nozzles: experiments and predictions

In this paper we study the mechanism of jet noise production in coaxial flows. We shall present various experimental results for isothermal and heated coplanar jet flows of four area ratios (0.81, 2, 3, and 4), operating at different velocity ratios, ranging from 0.60 up to 1.26. A polar array technique has been used to find the axial distribution of the jet sources. In order to better under- stand the behavior of the experimental results, some computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed, and a basic theoretical model based on Lighthill’s Acoustic Analogy is also developed. It is shown that some significant changes occur to the flow structure and therefore the jet noise source distribution at velocity ratio of about 0.8, and also for the nozzles with area ratio of 2 to 4. It has also been shown that the most important high and low frequency sources for low velocity ratio flows are aggregated in a region about seven to ten secondary diameters downstream, while at higher velocity ratios sources are continuously spread from about one up to ten secondary diameters downstream. The effect of the primary flow temperature is also examined

The Colombian conflict: a description of a mental health program in the Department of Tolima.

Colombia has been seriously affected by an internal armed conflict for more than 40 years affecting mainly the civilian population, who is forced to displace, suffers kidnapping, extortion, threats and assassinations. Between 2005 and 2008, Médecins Sans Frontières-France provided psychological care and treatment in the region of Tolima, a strategic place in the armed conflict. The mental health program was based on a short-term multi-faceted treatment developed according to the psychological and psychosomatic needs of the population. Here we describe the population attending during 2005-2008, in both urban and rural settings, as well as the psychological treatment provided during this period and its outcomes.We observed differences between the urban and rural settings in the traumatic events reported, the clinical expression of the disorders, the disorders diagnosed, and their severity. Although the duration of the treatment was limited due to security reasons and access difficulties, patient condition at last visit improved in most of the patients. These descriptive results suggest that further studies should be conducted to examine the role of short-term psychotherapy, adapted specifically to the context, can be a useful tool to provide psychological care to population affected by an armed conflict

Stochastic vortex dynamics in two-dimensional easy-plane ferromagnets: Multiplicative versus additive noise

We study how thermal fluctuations affect the dynamics of vortices in the two-dimensional classical, ferromagnetic, anisotropic Heisenberg model depending on their additive or multiplicative character. Using a collective coordinate theory, we analytically show that multiplicative noise, arising from fluctuations in the local field term of the Landau-Lifshitz equations, and Langevin-like additive noise both have the same effect on vortex dynamics (within a very plausible assumption consistent with the collective coordinate approach). This is a non-trivial result, as multiplicative and additive noises usually modify the dynamics quite differently. We also carry out numerical simulations of both versions of the model finding that they indeed give rise to very similar vortex dynamics.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Evidence of strong dynamic core excitation in 19^{19}C resonant break-up

The resonant break-up of $^{19}$C on protons measured at RIKEN [Phys. Lett. B 660, 320 (2008)] is analyzed in terms of a valence-core model for $^{19}$C including possible core excitations. The analysis of the angular distribution of a prominent peak appearing in the relative-energy spectrum could be well described with this model and is consistent with the previous assignment of $5/2^{+}$ for this state. Inclusion of core-excitation effects are found to be essential to give the correct magnitude of the cross section for this state. By contrast, the calculation assuming an inert $^{18}$C core is found to largely underestimate the data.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, to be submitte

Time as a limited resource: Communication Strategy in Mobile Phone Networks

We used a large database of 9 billion calls from 20 million mobile users to examine the relationships between aggregated time spent on the phone, personal network size, tie strength and the way in which users distributed their limited time across their network (disparity). Compared to those with smaller networks, those with large networks did not devote proportionally more time to communication and had on average weaker ties (as measured by time spent communicating). Further, there were not substantially different levels of disparity between individuals, in that mobile users tend to distribute their time very unevenly across their network, with a large proportion of calls going to a small number of individuals. Together, these results suggest that there are time constraints which limit tie strength in large personal networks, and that even high levels of mobile communication do not fundamentally alter the disparity of time allocation across networks.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Social Network