The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

[Focus of childhood obesity from pediatrics]

The prevalences of overweight and obesity have increased dramatically in the last two decades in the adult and children population. The Organization for Cooperation and Economic Development reported in 2010 that Mexico ranks first worldwide in childhood obesity. The 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey reported that one of every three teenagers are overweight and obese. In the last decades, pediatric hospitals in different parts of the world reported the prevalence of secondary malnutrition, since in those days overweight and obesity did not represent health problems. Currently, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has been scarcely studied in pediatric hospitals. In the Hospital de Pediatria (Children's Hospital) of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social's Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente it is reported a prevalence of overweight of 15.4 % and obesity of 12.2 %, which reflects a nutritional transition.Due to the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this pediatric hospital of reference, one could conclude that the pediatrician should be able to make a correct evaluation of the nutritional state, because, if he does not detect these problems, we will be condemning children to suffer from a chronic disease for the rest of their lives, and with all the implications in the short, medium and long term.; Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher.; Language: Spanis

[Focus of childhood obesity from pediatrics]

The prevalences of overweight and obesity have increased dramatically in the last two decades in the adult and children population. The Organization for Cooperation and Economic Development reported in 2010 that Mexico ranks first worldwide in childhood obesity. The 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey reported that one of every three teenagers are overweight and obese. In the last decades, pediatric hospitals in different parts of the world reported the prevalence of secondary malnutrition, since in those days overweight and obesity did not represent health problems. Currently, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has been scarcely studied in pediatric hospitals. In the Hospital de Pediatria (Children's Hospital) of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social's Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente it is reported a prevalence of overweight of 15.4 % and obesity of 12.2 %, which reflects a nutritional transition.Due to the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this pediatric hospital of reference, one could conclude that the pediatrician should be able to make a correct evaluation of the nutritional state, because, if he does not detect these problems, we will be condemning children to suffer from a chronic disease for the rest of their lives, and with all the implications in the short, medium and long term.; Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher.; Language: Spanis

Socio-demographic factors associated with caustic substance ingestion in children and adolescents

Objective: Caustic substance ingestion is a public health issue in some underdeveloped countries. Published information on socio-demographic factors related to this problem is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of socio-demographic factors with caustic ingestion in children. Methods: Design: case-control study. Cases were children with caustic substance ingestion who were attended to during 2006 (n= 94) at a pediatric referral hospital in Guadalajara, Mexico; the controls were a random sample of children who were hospitalized or seen as outpatients in the same pediatric referral hospital (n= 641). The socio-demographic variables were studied using a validated questionnaire (Children Nutrition Organization Survey). Statistics: OR, 95% CI and logistic regression. Results: Mean age of the cases was 3.2 years (SD 2.4) and 37.2% of cases were girls. Caustic ingestion occurred at home in 63.8% of cases and at a relative's home in 23.4% of cases. Alkaline products were ingested by 85.1%; containers had no warning labels in 72.3% of cases and no childproof safety caps in 92.6% of cases. The socio-demographic variables associated with caustic ingestion included higher family income, lower educational level of the mother, higher proportion of fathers working as independent professionals, extended family, mother's age <30 years, and mother working outside the home. Conclusions: The observed family risk profile for caustic ingestion was higher family income, young working mother with low educational level, father working as independent professional, and extended family. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd

Перспективы использования облачных вычислений

Описаны перспективы использования облачных вычислений модели IaaS для решения вычислительных задач

Liver function test results predict nutritional status evaluated by arm anthropometric indicators

OBJECTIVES: To compare the anthropometric indicators based on weight and height with the anthropometric indicators based on arm measurements and to predict the anthropometric nutritional status with liver function tests (LFTs) in children with chronic liver disease (CLD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study in a referral pediatric hospital enrolled 79 children with CLD (mean age 72.6 � 61.8 months, 54% female). An independent variable of LFT was used to determine the outcome variable of nutritional status. Anthropometric indicators of height versus age, weight versus height, head circumference versus age, and arm indicators versus age were analyzed with Pearson correlation, the determination coefficient r, and multiple regression. RESULTS: A total of 44.3% of patients studied had growth impairment. The anthropomorphic indicator of weight for height identified malnutrition in 11.4%, compared with 43% identified by mid- to upper arm circumference (MUAC) and 40.5% identified with total arm area. MUAC (P < 0.001), total arm circumference (P < 0.001), arm muscle area (P = 0.009), and arm fat area (P = 0.023) identified more cases of z score less than -2 SD than weight/height. The presence of ascites misled weight-for-height measurements. Conjugated bilirubin and albumin had significant correlations with almost all of the anthropometric indicators. Alkaline phosphatase correlated significantly with all of the arm anthropometric indicators. A regression analysis led to 7 prediction models; the highest prediction of z score less than -2 SD was with triceps skinfold and conjugated bilirubin, albumin, and ?-glutamyltransferase; height-for-age z score less than -2 SD was predicted by measurements of conjugated bilirubin, prothrombin time, and alanine aminotransferase. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented underline the correlation between the liver damage severity evaluated by LFT and the nutritional status estimated by anthropometric indicators. In our view these observations reflect the close relationship between liver function and the degree of liver damage to growth and current nutritional status. � 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc

Secondary malnutrition and overweight in a pediatric referral hospital: Associated factors

OBJECTIVES:: To establish the prevalence and identify the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with malnutrition and overweight in a pediatric referral hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: We studied a cross-sectional, random sample from a pediatric hospital. Malnutrition was defined as acute when the z score of weight/height was less than-2.0 and as chronic if in addition the height/age z score was less than-2.0. Overweight risk was defined as a body mass index percentile between 85 and 94, and overweight as a body mass index percentile of 95 or higher. RESULTS:: The study included 641 patients, with mean age 7.1 4.9 years (56% male). The overall prevalence of acute malnutrition was 8% and chronic malnutrition 17.0%. Overweight risk was present in 15.4% and overweight in 12.2%. Acute malnutrition was predicted by conditions on admission (hospitalization: odds ratio [OR] 2.3, confidence interval [CI] 1.3-4.3; nonsurgical subspecialty: OR 2.1, CI 1.0-4.3) and number of siblings (1 child, single mother: OR 2.6, CI 1.3-5.0). Chronic malnutrition was predicted by age (infants vs preschoolers: OR 2.0, CI 1.1-3.6; infants vs school children: OR 3.1, CI 1.8-5.5) and illness duration (>30 days: OR 2, CI 1.1-3.7). Overweight risk was associated with age (>36 months: OR 2.0, CI 1.6-3.4) and the father's educational level (college and university: OR 2.3, CI 1.3-4.3). Overweight was predicted by sex (boys: OR 2.0, CI 1.0-3.6) and age (>36 months: OR 1.7, CI 1.0-2.8). CONCLUSIONS:: Overweight was as prevalent as malnutrition. Malnutrition was associated with clinical condition, age, family size, and illness duration, whereas overweight was related to age, sex, and father's education. Overweight appears as a novel finding in the nutritional profile of pediatric referral hospitals in Mexico. 2009 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition

Molecular heterogeneity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Mexico: Overall results of a 7-year project

Objectives: To describe the clinical picture and outcome, and to assess the etiological factors of acute and recurrent pancreatitis in children. Methods: Thirty-six (65.5%) patients with acute and 19 (34.5%) with recurrent pancreatitis were studied. Mean age was 126 (41.3 SD) months; 27 (49.1%) were females. Setting: a pediatric referral hospital. Period: 2000-2005. Design: cross-sectional. Variables: clinical and laboratory data and etiological factors. Statistics: ?2-test, Fisher test, OR, confidence interval, Student t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The most frequent symptom in acute and recurrent pancreatitis was abdominal pain, followed by vomiting and ileus. The severity of pancreatitis and complications were similar in both groups. Biliary stones, family history of pancreatitis, drug ingestion and hypercalcemia occurred in both groups. Abdominal trauma and acute hepatitis A occurred in patients with acute pancreatitis; triglyceride &gt;5.65 mmol/L, pancreas divisum and ?F508 mutation occurred in patients with recurrent pancreatitis. No difference was observed when frequency factors between study groups were compared. Conclusions: The clinical picture and etiological factors were similar in both groups. Since one out of every three children with acute pancreatitis in this series presented recurrences, it was not considered to be a 'benign disease'. Fifteen different etiological factors were identified in two-thirds of the cases. " 2007 The Author(s).",,,,,,"10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00225.x",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/39212","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33947495090&partnerID=40&md5=6d8acec44d11519da8fc0d2415207fa