The Control of Chicken Mites and Lice

The two very common parasites, the chicken mite and the chicken louse, arc responsible for a very large part of the loss suffered annually by poultry raisers, yet they may be dealt with effectively. The symptoms for these two pests are much alike. In severe cases they are as follows: The head and comb become pale, the bird looks sickly, its feathers become ruined and may drop out, it becomes dumpish and thin, and, if it is a female; It may stop laying. Sitting hens may leave the nest; sometimes they die from the effects of these parasites. Generally, the fowls may be seen picking at their feathers as If to remove the insects. To make sure of the presence of either lice or mites, catch the birds and examine them. The lice may be found on them either day or night; the mites usually attack the chickens at night only and during the day stay In cracks In the poultry house as well as in the droppings. The following descriptions will help the poultry raiser to determine which of the pests is attacking his chickens

Rearing Chicks Successfully

Rearing chicks has its serious problems, but the young brood may be brought successfully through the first six or eight weeks if these essentials are followed: Give chicks a good start by selecting strong, vigorous, well-matured breeding stock that is free from disease and has been properly housed and fed, and by properly Incubating the eggs from the stock. Make sure that hens used for brooding are free from lice and mites before the chicks are placed with them. If an artificial brooder is used, make sure That it will provide ample heat without danger of fire, That It gives the chicks a chance to get away from the heat when they want to, That it has a capacity large enough, That It Is economical In Its cost and in the fuel it uses. Remove dead chicks promptly from the brooder and bury them deeply or burn them. Mark all weak chicks so that they will never be used as breeders. Clean the brooder and disinfect it each time before it Is used and oftener If disease breaks out in flock. Do not feed chicks until they are from 48 to 60 hours old, and then only limited amounts of easily digested food for the first week. Use only clean and wholesome food and feed it only in clean dishes and litter. Provide a variety of feeds. They should contain enough of protein and ash. Ground bone furnishes ample ash and some protein; skimmed milk and buttermilk furnish abundant protein

The Effect of Cottonseed Meal and Other Feeds on the Storage Quality of Eggs.

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Analogy of the slow dynamics between the supercooled liquid and the supercooled plastic crystal states of difluorotetrachloroethane

Slow dynamics of difluorotetrachloroethane in both supercooled plastic crystal and supercooled liquid states have been investigated from Molecular Dynamics simulations. The temperature and wave-vector dependence of collective dynamics in both states are probed using coherent dynamical scattering functions $S(Q,t)$. Our results confirm the strong analogy between molecular liquids and plastic crystals for which $\alpha$-relaxation times and non-ergodicity parameters are controlled by the non trivial static correlations $S(Q)$ as predicted by the Mode Coupling Theory. The use of infinitely thin needles distributed on a lattice as model of plastic crystals is discussed

Onset of slow dynamics in difluorotetrachloroethane glassy crystal

Complementary Neutron Spin Echo and X-ray experiments and Molecular Dynamics simulations have been performed on difluorotetrachloroethane (CFCl2-CFCl2) glassy crystal. Static, single-molecule reorientational dynamics and collective dynamics properties are investigated. The orientational disorder is characterized at different temperatures and a change in nature of rotational dynamics is observed. We show that dynamics can be described by some scaling predictions of the Mode Coupling Theory (MCT) and a critical temperature $T_{c}$ is determined. Our results also confirm the strong analogy between molecular liquids and plastic crystals for which $\alpha$-relaxation times and non-ergodicity parameters are controlled by the non trivial static correlations as predicted by MCT

Irreversible Deposition of Line Segment Mixtures on a Square Lattice: Monte Carlo Study

We have studied kinetics of random sequential adsorption of mixtures on a square lattice using Monte Carlo method. Mixtures of linear short segments and long segments were deposited with the probability $p$ and $1-p$, respectively. For fixed lengths of each segment in the mixture, the jamming limits decrease when $p$ increases. The jamming limits of mixtures always are greater than those of the pure short- or long-segment deposition. For fixed $p$ and fixed length of the short segments, the jamming limits have a maximum when the length of the long segment increases. We conjectured a kinetic equation for the jamming coverage based on the data fitting.Comment: 7 pages, latex, 5 postscript figure

Longitudinal patterns in an Arkansas River Valley stream: an Application of the River Continuum Concept

The River Continuum Concept (RCC) provides the framework for studying how lotic ecosystems vary from headwater streams to large rivers. The RCC was developed in streams in eastern deciduous forests of North America, but watershed characteristics and land uses differ across ecoregions, presenting unique opportunities to study how predictions of the RCC may differ across regions. Additionally, RCC predictions may vary due to the influence of fishes, but few studies have used fish taxa as a metric for evaluating predictions of the RCC. Our goal was to determine if RCC predictions for stream orders 1 through 5 were supported by primary producer, macroinvertebrate, and fish communities in Cadron Creek of the Arkansas River Valley. We sampled chlorophyll a, macroinvertebrates, and fishes at five stream reaches across a gradient of watershed size. Contrary to RCC predictions, chlorophyll a did not increase in concentration with catchment size. As the RCC predicts, fish and macroinvertebrate diversity increased with catchment size. Shredding and collecting macroinvertebrate taxa supported RCC predictions, respectively decreasing and increasing in composition as catchment area increased. Herbivorous and predaceous fish did not follow RCC predictions; however, surface-water column feeding fish were abundant at all sites as predicted. We hypothesize some predictions of the RCC were not supported in headwater reaches of this system due to regional differences in watershed characteristics and altered resource availability due to land use surrounding sampling sites

Molecular and comparative analysis of Salmonella enterica Senftenberg from humans and animals using PFGE, MLST and NARMS

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Salmonella </it>species are recognized worldwide as a significant cause of human and animal disease. In this study the molecular profiles and characteristics of <it>Salmonella enterica </it>Senftenberg isolated from human cases of illness and those recovered from healthy or diagnostic cases in animals were assessed. Included in the study was a comparison with our own sequenced strain of <it>S. </it>Senfteberg recovered from production turkeys in North Dakota. Isolates examined in this study were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) panel which tested susceptibility to 15 different antimicrobial agents. The molecular profiles of all isolates were determined using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and the sequence types of the strains were obtained using Multi-Locus Sequence Type (MLST) analysis based on amplification and sequence interrogation of seven housekeeping genes (<it>aroC</it>, <it>dnaN</it>, <it>hemD</it>, <it>hisD</it>, <it>purE</it>, <it>sucA</it>, and <it>thrA</it>). PFGE data was input into BioNumerics analysis software to generate a dendrogram of relatedness among the strains.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The study found 93 profiles among 98 <it>S</it>. Senftenberg isolates tested and there were primarily two sequence types associated with humans and animals (ST185 and ST14) with overlap observed in all host types suggesting that the distribution of <it>S. </it>Senftenberg sequence types is not host dependent. Antimicrobial resistance was observed among the animal strains, however no resistance was detected in human isolates suggesting that animal husbandry has a significant influence on the selection and promotion of antimicrobial resistance.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The data demonstrates the circulation of at least two strain types in both animal and human health suggesting that <it>S. </it>Senftenberg is relatively homogeneous in its distribution. The data generated in this study could be used towards defining a pathotype for this serovar.</p

Embedded-Cluster Calculations in a Numeric Atomic Orbital Density-Functional Theory Framework

We integrate the all-electron electronic structure code FHI-aims into the general ChemShell package for solid-state embedding (QM/MM) calculations. A major undertaking in this integration is the implementation of pseudopotential functionality into FHI-aims to describe cations at the QM/MM boundary through effective core potentials and therewith prevent spurious overpolarization of the electronic density. Based on numeric atomic orbital basis sets, FHI-aims offers particularly efficient access to exact exchange and second order perturbation theory, rendering the established QM/MM setup an ideal tool for hybrid and double-hybrid level DFT calculations of solid systems. We illustrate this capability by calculating the reduction potential of Fe in the Fe-substituted ZSM-5 zeolitic framework and the reaction energy profile for (photo-)catalytic water oxidation at TiO2(110).Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Measurement of the ΔS=-ΔQ Amplitude from K_(e3)^0 Decay

We have measured the time distribution of the π^+e^-ν and π^-e^+ν modes from initial K^0's in a spark-chamber experiment performed at the Bevatron. From 1079 events between 0.2 and 7 K_S^0 lifetime, we find ReX=-0.069±0.036, ImX=+0.108_(-0.074)^(+0.092). This result is consistent with X=0 (relative probability = 0.25), but more than 4 standard deviations from the existing world average, +0.14 -0.13i