309 research outputs found
ΠΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π±: Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π·Π° 10 Π»Π΅Ρ?
The paper provides evidence for the clinical efficacy of infliximab, its effect on the extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis-vasculitis,
rheumatoid nodules, and cardiovascular pathology. It discusses reasons for the lower effect of therapy and the possibilities of its correction,
by increasing the dose of the agent or reducing an infusion interval.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π±Π°, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π²Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ° - Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·Π»Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ 16-Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅
Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of combination therapy with methotrexate (MTX) and hydroxychloroquine (HC) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in real clinical practice.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 430 patients with documented RA who had been followed up for 16 weeks by rheumatologists in different regions of the country. Individual schedules were filled out for the patients, by adding demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters that made it possible to assess the activity of the disease and to estimate the level of glucose, cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The results of the investigation were evaluated at the inclusion of patients in it and then at 8 and 16 weeks. Taking into account the insufficient previous effect of MTX, the treatment was enhanced by HC.Results and discussion. By the end of the investigation, the combination therapy with MTX + HC led to significant decreases in the number of swollen and tender joints, the duration of morning stiffness, the severity of pain, and the integrated DAS28 index. The therapy showed a positive effect on the levels of fasting glucose, cholesterol, and LDL. The quality of life improved in patients by Visit 3. The results obtained are in good agreement with the data by foreign and Russian investigators on the greater efficiency of combination therapy with MTX + HC than that of MTX monotherapy and on the pleiotropic (hypolipidemic and hypolipidemic) effect of HC.Conclusion. It is concluded that in Russian practice when monotherapy with MTX shows an insufficient effect or its high doses cannot be administered to enhance the efficacy of RA therapy, it is possible to use a combination of MTX + HC, especially in older patients with comorbidity (hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia).Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ (ΠΠ’) ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΠ₯) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ (Π Π) Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 430 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π Π, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ 16 Π½Π΅Π΄ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ, Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (ΠΠΠΠ). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 8-ΠΉ ΠΈ 16-ΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
. Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΠ’, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΠ₯).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΠ’ + ΠΠ₯ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»Π° ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ², Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ DAS28. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊ, Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΠΠΠ. Π 3-ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ’ + ΠΠ₯ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ’ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ) ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΠ₯.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ’ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π Π ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ’ + ΠΠ₯, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ).Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ (ΠΠ’) ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΠ₯) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ (Π Π) Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 430 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π Π, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ 16 Π½Π΅Π΄ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ, Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (ΠΠΠΠ). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 8-ΠΉ ΠΈ 16-ΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
. Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΠ’, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΠ₯).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΠ’ + ΠΠ₯ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»Π° ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ², Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ DAS28. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊ, Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΠΠΠ. Π 3-ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ’ + ΠΠ₯ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ’ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ) ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΠ₯.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ’ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π Π ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ’ + ΠΠ₯, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ).
Π Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ
According to statistics from the Ministry of Health of Russia, the incidence of reactive arthropathies varies significantly by region and year. In ICD-10, reactive arthropathies include reactive urogenic arthritis (M02.3), other reactive arthropathies (M02.8), and reactive arthropathies, unspecified (M02.9). Information on reactive arthritis (ReA) cannot be extracted from these data.Objective: to specify the number of patients with ReA among inpatients with reactive arthropathies.Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis of 224 case histories was made in the patients treated at the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology Clinic in 2009β2018 and discharged with Codes M02.3, M02.8, and M02.9.Results and discussion. Nineteen out of the 224 patients were diagnosed with reactive urogenic arthritis (M02.3), 128 had reactive arthropathies (M02.8), and 77 had reactive arthropathies, unspecified (M02.9). All the 19 patients with this diagnosis met the criteria for reactive urogenic arthritis. Among the 128 patients with reactive arthropathies, 77 met the ReA criteria, 8 of them were found to have reactive urogenic arthritis, since the clinical picture had a triad consisting of arthritis, urogenic or enterocolitic infection, and conjunctivitis. Twenty-five out of the 77 patients discharged with Code M02.9 met the criteria for certain ReA and 6 did those for possible ReA. Thus, the diagnosis fitted the criteria for ReA in only half (56.7%) of the patients with reactive arthropathies.Conclusion. The performed investigation revealed that clinicians paid insufficient attention to the diagnosis of ReA and that statisticians did this to the coding of reactive arthropathies.Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ. Π ΠΠΠ-10 ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ: ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡ (Π02.3), Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (Π02.8) ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ (Π02.9). ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ (Π Π΅Π) Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π Π΅Π ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· 224 ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π€ΠΠΠΠ£ Β«ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌ. Π.Π. ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉΒ» Π² 2009β2018 Π³Π³. ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π02.3, Π02.8 ΠΈ Π02.9.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£ 19 ΠΈΠ· 224 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡ (Π02.3), Ρ 128 β ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (Π02.8) ΠΈ Ρ 77 β ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ (Π02.9). ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ 19 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ· 128 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π Π΅Π ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ 77, Ρ 8 ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π΄Π° β Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ. 25 ΠΈΠ· 77 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π02.9, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ 6 β Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π Π΅Π. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ (56,7%) Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π Π΅Π.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π Π΅Π, Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² β ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°
The paper gives data on the positive role of hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations in the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthrosis (OA). The clinicalΒ effect of intraarticular agents is not only due to their lumbricative, but also, to a greater degree, anti-inflammatory and chondroprotectiveΒ activities. The efficacy of HA preparations do not practically depend on their molecular weight. Long-term HA cycles can delay the risk of jointΒ replacement in OA.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΠΠ) ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ·Π° (ΠΠ) ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π»ΡΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ
Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
A great role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis has been recently assigned to immune impairments, particularly to the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-Ξ± (TNF-Ξ±)) that activate catabolic processes not only in cartilage tissue, but also in the subchodral bone and other articular structures. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, symptomatic slow-acting agents (chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate), as well as diacerein that blocks IL-1 directly and TNF-Ξ± indirectly, reduce the activity of cytokines to some extent.Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ-Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² (ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½ 1 - ΠΠ 1, ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ξ± - Π€ΠΠ Ξ±), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°. Π ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ (Ρ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½, Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ 1 ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎ - Π€ΠΠ Ξ±
Π Π΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ: Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ?
Viral infections, hepatitis B and C and herpesvirus-induced infections in particular, are widespread in the population. Recent years have seen the emergence of new viral infections that were previously endemic. Understanding the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases (RDs) is of great importance. First, they cause the clinical manifestations characteristic of many RDs (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis, and SjΓΆ gren's disease). The author discusses several possible mechanisms of the involvement of viruses in the development of autoimmune disorders: molecular mimicry; polyclonal B cell activation with overproduction of antibodies and immune complexes; T cell activation with cytokine overproduction. Secondly, viral infection can be reactivated during immunosuppressive therapy (also using biological agents), which is widely used to treat RDs. The review presents data on both the most common viruses (hepatitis B and C viruses, HIV, and human herpesviruses types 1β6) and more rare ones (chikungunya virus and polyomavirus) in the Russian population.ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π ΠΈ Π‘ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π Π) ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π Π (ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Π¨ΡΠ³ΡΠ΅Π½Π°). ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π’-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎ-Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ
, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ), ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π Π. Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
(Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π ΠΈ Π‘, ΠΠΠ§, Π³Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° 1β6-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²), ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
(Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΡΠ½Π³ΡΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ) Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
Access to water in the countries of the former Soviet Union.
BACKGROUND: During the Soviet period, authorities in the USSR invested heavily in collective farming and modernization of living conditions in rural areas. However, many problems remained, including poor access to many basic amenities such as water. Since then, the situation is likely to have changed; economic decline has coincided with migration and widening social inequalities, potentially increasing disparities within and between countries. AIM: To examine access to water and sanitation and its determinants in urban and rural areas of eight former Soviet countries. METHODS: A series of nationally representative surveys in Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Ukraine was undertaken in 2001, covering 18,428 individuals (aged 18+ years). RESULTS: The percentage of respondents living in rural areas varied between 27 and 59% among countries. There are wide urban-rural differences in access to amenities. Even in urban areas, only about 90% of respondents had access to cold running water in their home (60% in Kyrgyzstan). In rural areas, less than one-third had cold running water in their homes (44% in Russia, under 10% in Kyrgyzstan and Moldova). Between one-third and one-half of rural respondents in some countries (such as Belarus, Kazakhstan and Moldova) obtained their water from wells and similar sources. Access to hot running water inside the homes was an exception in rural households, reflecting the lack of modern heating methods in villages. Similarly, indoor access to toilets is common in urban areas but rare in rural areas. Access to all amenities was better in Russia compared with elsewhere in the region. Indoor access to cold water was significantly more common among rural residents living in apartments, and in settlements served by asphalt roads rather than dirt roads. People with more assets or income and living with other people were significantly more likely to have water on tap. In addition, people who had moved in more recently were more likely to have an indoor water supply. CONCLUSIONS: This was the largest single study of its kind undertaken in this region, and demonstrates that a significant number of people living in rural parts of the former Soviet Union do not have indoor access to running water and sanitation. There are significant variations among countries, with the worse situation in central Asia and the Caucasus, and the best situation in Russia. Access to water strongly correlates with socio-economic characteristics. These findings suggest a need for sustained investment in rebuilding basic infrastructure in the region, and monitoring the impact of living conditions on health
HIGH PREVALENCE OF REACTIVE ARTHRITIS IN RUSSIA: OVERDIAGNOSIS OR REALITY?
Reactive arthritis (ReA) is one of the types of spondyloarthritis. According to the statistics reports by the Ministry ofΒ Health of Russia, the prevalence of ReA in 2013 was 42.8 per 100,000 adult population, 99, and 172.4 per 100,000Β children aged 0β14 and 15β17 years, respectively. There is a wide scatter of ReA detection rates in both the federalΒ districts and subjects of the Russian Federation, which may be associated with both the spread of sexually transmittedΒ infections, asymptomatic trigger Chlamydia infection, and overdiagnosis of ReA
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in complex therapy for pain syndrome in rheumatology. The paper describes the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the development of chronic and acute pain. It details the action of cyclooxygenase types 1 and 2 (COG 1 and COG 2), shows the key role of COG 2 in pain induction and transmission. The data of clinical trials of meloxicam that inhibits mainly COG 2 are given. The drug is highly effective in treating rheumatic diseases, particularly in old-age group patients with osteoporosis. The combined use of different meloxicam formulations makes it possible to choose adequate, maximally individualized treatment and to relieve the pain syndrome in the shortest possible time. Among NSAIDs, meloxicam shows an optimum efficacy-safety ratio.ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ (ΠΠΠΠ) ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Π·Ρ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ 2-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² - Π¦ΠΠ 1 ΠΈ Π¦ΠΠ 2, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π¦ΠΠ 2 Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ° - ΠΠΠΠ, ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π¦ΠΠ 2. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ·Π΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
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