Teaching and learning special relativity theory in secondary and lower undergraduate education: A literature review

This review presents an overview and analysis of the body of research on special relativity theory (SRT) education at the secondary and lower undergraduate level. There is currently a growing international interest in implementing SRT in pre-university education as an introduction to modern physics. For this reason, insights into learning opportunities and challenges in SRT education are needed. The field of research in SRT education is still at an early stage, especially at the level of secondary education, and there is a shortage of empirical evaluation of learning outcomes. In order to guide future research directions, there is a need for an overview and synthesis of the results reported so far. We have selected 40 articles and categorized them according to reported learning difficulties, teaching approaches, and research tools. Analysis shows that students at all educational levels experience learning difficulties with the use of frames of reference, the postulates of SRT, and relativistic effects. In the reported teaching sequences, instructional materials, and learning activities, these difficulties are approached from different angles. Some teaching approaches focus on thought experiments to express conceptual features of SRT, while others use virtual environments to provide realistic visualization of relativistic effects. From the reported teaching approaches, three learning objectives can be identified: to foster conceptual understanding, to foster understanding of the history and philosophy of science, and to gain motivation and confidence toward SRT and physics in general. In order to quantitatively compare learning outcomes of different teaching strategies, a more thorough evaluation of assessment tools is required

PENGARUH TERAPI MUSIK KLASIK TERHADAP PERUBAHAN GEJALA DAN FUNGSI PADA PASIEN RAWAT INAP SKIZOFRENIA DI RUMAH SAKIT KHUSUS DAERAH PROVINSI MALUKU

Schizophrenia is a syndrome with a variety unknown causes and a wide course of disease, as well as a number of consequences that depend on consideration of genetic, physical, and cultural influences. Schizophrenic patients have three symptoms: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and symptoms of disorganization, which  have an impact on the patient's function to interact with family, school, work, environment, religion and social. Classical music therapy is useful for relaxation, perception improvement, concentration, and can increase intrapersonal contact. This study aims to determine the effect of classical music therapy on symptom and function changes in schizophrenic patients hospitalized in the sub-acute section of the Maluku Province Regional Special Hospital. This research is an analytical research with an experimental approach. The subjects were 10 schizophrenic patients who were taken with purposive sampling technique which was included in one group pre test-posttest. Data collection was carried out by using the observation of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF Scale) before and after being treated by Ludwig Van Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 classical music in seven sessions for seven times in schizophrenic patients. Symptom and function changes of schizophrenic patients will be compared and analyzed by using the Wilcoxon test. The results found that on average, ten schizophrenic patients had symptoms and functions change measured by GAF Scale scores before classical music treatment was 51-60, but after classical music treatment, there was an increase in GAF Scale score, as much as 50% to 61-70 and 50% to be 71-80. So, it can be conclude that classical music therapy can reduce the symptoms and improve general function in schizophrenic patients hospitalized.  Skizofrenia adalah sindrom dengan variasi penyebab, dan perjalanan penyakit yang luas, tergantung pada pertimbangan pengaruh genetik, fisik, dan budaya. Pasien skizofrenia memiliki tiga gejala yaitu gejala positif, gejala negatif, dan gejala disorganisasi, yang berdampak pada fungsi pasien untuk berinteraksi dengan keluarga, sekolah, pekerjaan, lingkungan, agama, dan sosial. Terapi musik klasik bermanfaat untuk merelaksasi, memperbaiki presepsi, konsentrasi, dan dapat meningkatkan kontak intrapersonal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi musik klasik terhadap perubahan gejala dan fungsi pada pasien skizofrenia rawat inap bagian subakut di Rumah Sakit Khusus Daerah Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan eksperimental. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 10 orang pasien skizofrenia yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dan dikelompokan dalam one group pretest-posttest. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi menggunakan Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF Scale) sebelum dan sesudah diterapi musik klasik Symphony No 9 karya Ludwig Van Beethoven, dalam  waktu 30 menit setiap sesi selama tujuh kali pada pasien skizofrenia. Perubahan gejala dan fungsi pasien skizofrenia akan dibandingkan dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa  rata-rata kesepuluh pasien skizofrenia memiliki  skor GAF Scale sebelum diterapi musik klasik yaitu 51-60, namun setelah diterapi musik klasik terjadi peningkatan skor GAF Scale, sebanyak 50% menjadi 61-70 dan 50% menjadi 71-80. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi musik klasik dapat menurunkan gejala yang dirasakan dan meningkatkan fungsi secara umum pasien skizofrenia yang dirawat inap

ANALISIS PEMAKAIAN BAHAN BAKAR JETSKI BERTENAGA MOTOR MATIC 115 CC

Perkembangan dunia otomotif sekarang ini sangatlah pesat, terutama pada sepeda motor yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat sebagai sarana transportasi. Permainan jetski sekarang hanya dimiliki oleh orang-orang kalangan atas, Tentu sangat memprihatinkan dengan geogfrafis Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan dan mempunyai pantai terpanjang dan terindah. Jetski merupakan suatu permainan wisata tirta atau perairan yang menggunakan boat bertenaga motor. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penulis tertarik melakukan pengujian pemakaian bahan bakar dari modifikasi mesin Jetski bertenaga motor matic mio soul guna mengetahui pemakaian bahan bakar pada putaran rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Dari hasil perhitungan pengujian pemakaian bahan dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar putaran mesin maka semakin besar pula pemakaian bahan bakar yang terkonsumsikan oleh kerja mesin jetski bertenaga motor matic mio  soul 115 CC, yaitu pada putaran rendah fuel consumption 1,55928 Kg/Jam sedangkan pada putaran tinggi besar fuel consumption 5,24724 Kg/Jam hal ini disebabkan karena jumlah putaran yang diperbesar berdasarkan pengunaan gas, oleh mesin jetski bertenaga motor matic

Key topics for quantum mechanics at secondary schools : a Delphi study into expert opinions

This article describes a Delphi study aiming to investigate which quantum mechanics topics experts consider to be important to teach at the secondary level, and what arguments these experts give. A series of three questionnaires was administered to experts in the fields of quantum physics, mathematics, chemistry and biophysics (n = 17, 12, 11 for the first, second, and third questionnaires, respectively; the number of participants changed due to attrition). Several experts from this group (n = 9) were also interviewed. Results show that there is consensus on the topics considered to be important, i.e. duality, wave functions and atoms. Experts mainly based their topic ranking on relations between concepts, and on what quantum mechanics topics they consider to be fundamental. The topics that were considered less important were often described as too difficult or too complex

Secondary school students’ misunderstandings of potential wells and tunneling

In order to investigate students’ misunderstandings of potential wells and tunneling, a conceptual knowledge test was administered to Dutch secondary school students after they were taught about quantum mechanics. A frequency analysis of responses to the multiple choice questions (n=98) and coding of the responses to the open-ended questions and explanations (n=13) shows that Dutch secondary school students experience difficulties similar to those reported for undergraduate students. The students’ underlying difficulties were analyzed using a typology of learning impediments. Results of this analysis show that students have difficulty connecting knowledge of potential wells and tunneling to their prior knowledge. Students mainly have creative and epistemological learning impediments, which cause eight incorrect synthetic models

Secondary school students' misunderstandings of potential wells and tunneling

In order to investigate students' misunderstandings of potential wells and tunneling, a conceptual knowledge test was administered to Dutch secondary school students after they were taught about quantum mechanics. A frequency analysis of responses to the multiple choice questions (n=98) and coding of the responses to the open-ended questions and explanations (n=13) shows that Dutch secondary school students experience difficulties similar to those reported for undergraduate students. The students' underlying difficulties were analyzed using a typology of learning impediments. Results of this analysis show that students have difficulty connecting knowledge of potential wells and tunneling to their prior knowledge. Students mainly have creative and epistemological learning impediments, which cause eight incorrect synthetic models

Alternatif Pengelola Wisata Pantai Halassy Negeri Morella Kabupaten Maluku Tengah pada Fase PRA dan Pasca-krisis Covid-19

The involvement of related parties is needed in determining the right alternative to manage Halassy Beach Tourism, Morella Village, Central Maluku Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the government, private sector, and community in managing and determining the appropriate alternative managers in the pre and post crisis phases of covid-19. Through the purposive sampling method, 20 respondents were obtained from experts or stakeholders in the field of tourism and the economics of fisheries and marine resources. Primary data collection was conducted by interview using a google form questionnaire. Descriptive method is used to describe the general condition of the study area, the characteristics of the respondents, as well as the role of the government, private sector and community. Data analysis used analytical hierarchy process (AHP).The results show that in the pre covid-19 crisis phase, the government can build tourist areas that are environmentally and culturally aware; the community as managers are able to improve the information access for tourists; and the private sector contributes economic and social benefits to management capacity. In the post covid-19 crisis, the government needs to pay attention to tourism potential that can be developed; the community can apply the 4A concept; and the private sector can create more interesting ideas to bring in tourists. The right alternative for Halassy Beach Tourism management in the pre and post-covid-19 crisis phases is collaboration between the community, government and private sector, in the triple helix concept

Secondary school students' misunderstandings of potential wells and tunneling

In order to investigate students' misunderstandings of potential wells and tunneling, a conceptual knowledge test was administered to Dutch secondary school students after they were taught about quantum mechanics. A frequency analysis of responses to the multiple choice questions (n=98) and coding of the responses to the open-ended questions and explanations (n=13) shows that Dutch secondary school students experience difficulties similar to those reported for undergraduate students. The students' underlying difficulties were analyzed using a typology of learning impediments. Results of this analysis show that students have difficulty connecting knowledge of potential wells and tunneling to their prior knowledge. Students mainly have creative and epistemological learning impediments, which cause eight incorrect synthetic models