A Clinical Study on the Role of Homoeopathic Medicine in Managing Nocturnal Enuresis in Children

AIM OF THE STUDY: Nocturnal enuresis is common chronic disease in children. It is described in ICD 10 CM code N39.44. The populations undertaken for this study are students with discharge of urine during sleep at night after expected development of urinary control. The amount of urine produced overnight can be more than the bladder can hold. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The study was conducted in a systemic way so as to achieve the aim and objectives of the study. A sample of 30 cases were selected from OPD, IPD and rural centers of Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College. The children were screened by score chart. The cases identified with nocturnal enuresis were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collected were recorded in the pre structured SKHMC standardized case record. Cases were processed according to the homoeopathic principles followed by case analysis, evaluation and totality were constructed. Prescriptions were done with reference to Repertory, Materia Medica and Organon of Medicine. Potency selection and repetition were done according to the demand of each case. Improvement assessed by score chart. During the follow up after 6 months. Pre and post assessment analysis was done. Observations were recorded, before treatment scores were compared with after treatment scores and paired “t” test was done to study the role of homoeopathic medicines in managing nocturnal enuresis in children. RESULT: After the assessment of the study 8 patient of 26.6% of age 5. 3 patient of age 6 with 10%, 2 patients of 6.6%with 7 years old, 1 patient of 3.3% of 8 years old,4 patient of 13.3% with 9 years old,3 patient of 10% of 3 years old 1 patient of 3.3% of 11 years old, 2 patients of 6.6% with 12 years old,2 patients of 6.6% of 13 years, 2 patients of 6.6% with 14 years old, 2 patients of 6.6% with 15 years old. In the study, the probable cause of patient with natal cause are 5 with 16.6 percent.in environmental cause the number of patient are 15 of 50 percentage. In unknown cause the number of patient are 10 and its percentage are 33.3. The patient with primary type are 15 patient with 50% and the patient with secondary type are 15 patient with 50%. Homoeopathic medicines seen effective were Calcarea carb, Natrum mur and Calcarea phos, Silicea, Nux vomica, Calcarea ars, Tuberculinum, Pulsatilla, Lycopodium, Arsenicum album, phosphorus, Sulphur, sepia, belladonna, Tarentula, Medorrhinum as a constitutional medicines. CONCLUSION: Homoeopathic medicine is effective in mananging nocturnal enuresis in children on comparison of before and after treatment based on score chart

Increasing Efficiency and Reliability in Multicast Routing based V2V Communication for Direction-Aware Cooperative Collision Avoidance

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which are a promising method for the intelligent transportation system, include vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) (ITS). Developing reliable and strong cooperative collision avoidance (CCA) strategy to mitigate the growing number of road fatalities each year is one of the main difficulties facing vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs).A proper and successful routing method aids in the successful expansion of vehicular ad hoc networks. This study explains the architecture, interface layers, safety features, and implementation of a novel priority-based direction-aware collision avoidance system (P-DVCA). It distinguishes our study in the collision area of VANETs by accounting for realistic bi-directional traffic. The scheme begins with the development of dynamic clusters, which is difficult because of the bi-directional diverse traffic and the need to avoid collisions within and between clusters. The target node is sent an early warning message that includes the safe speed and the likelihood of a collision in order to notify it of an impending danger. To determine the least expensive, shortest one with the fewest hops between the source and the endpoint. A crucial problem with VANETs is the transmission of data from a source node to the base station. Cross-layer issues must be solved for a robust and stable collision avoidance programme to function properly in a VANET communication architecture. The results of the simulation show that the suggested scheme significantly outperforms CCM and C-RACCA in terms of cluster stability, fewer collisions, low latency, and low communication overhead. According to the findings, P-DVCA offers stable clustering, minimises network congestion, and lowers communication overhead and latency

“Building from bottom” a success story

Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC) is a local government committed to provide basic infrastructure facilities including entertainment facilities to the people of the city. RMC is very well known for managing the city by using private sector participation as well as introduction of innovative mechanisms in management to serve people efficiently. City has prepared different plans for improving services and to nullify the gap between services and demands. The sole responsibility of Solid Waste Management (SWM) in the city lies with the Soild Wate Management department of Rajkot Muncipal Corporation (RMC)

Awareness of farmers about social forestry programme - an analysis

A study was conducted to assess the awareness level of farmers on various components of Social forestry Programme, implemented by the Social Forestry Department in Ke rala State, India. It could be inferred/rom the study that the awareness level on /arm/oreslry lVas very high. On the other hand the awareness level on coastal area plantations and fodder plantations was relatively lesser. Variables such as education, material possession, media participation, contact with extension agency and economic motivation had a positive relationship with the awarelIess level of marginal farmers whereas variables like age, occupation, social participation and risk orientation had a negative influence on awareness. It was also observed that exceptfor education and risk orientation, all the other variables had a positive relationship with the awareness level of small farmers

Determinants of Fisherwomens’ Economic Status in Fisheries

India’s vast coastline provides food, stability, and income-producing opportunities for many of India’s economically disadvantaged sections of the population. Fisheries in India account for 2.5 per cent of the gross domestic product and generate powerful income and employment opportunities for many of the country’s rural poor. Women, who constitute approximately half of India’s population, play a vital role in the operation of the fisheries and their continuing growth as a component of the agriculture sector of the economy. The contributions of the fisherwomen penetrate every aspect of postharvest handling, preservation, processing, and marketing of seafood products, and provide an integral link between producers and consumers. The study was conducted on a sample of 50 fisherwomen drawn from the 2 coastal districts of Tamilnadu namely, Kancheepuram and Chennai. The findings revealed that, most of the fisherwomen had a high level of livelihood index (Score of < 50), and also had a high level of aspiration (Score <13). The step wise regression analysis revealed that the variables influencing the livelihood index of fisherwomen, in order of importance, were annual level of savings and annual level of debt. The annual level of expenditure and annual level of savings had a positive and significant influence on the level of aspiration of fisherwomen

Monitoring edge-geodetic sets in graphs

We introduce a new graph-theoretic concept in the area of network monitoring. In this area, one wishes to monitor the vertices and/or the edges of a network (viewed as a graph) in order to detect and prevent failures. Inspired by two notions studied in the literature (edge-geodetic sets and distance-edge-monitoring sets), we define the notion of a monitoring edge-geodetic set (MEG-set for short) of a graph $G$ as an edge-geodetic set $S\subseteq V(G)$ of $G$ (that is, every edge of $G$ lies on some shortest path between two vertices of $S$) with the additional property that for every edge $e$ of $G$, there is a vertex pair $x, y$ of $S$ such that $e$ lies on \emph{all} shortest paths between $x$ and $y$. The motivation is that, if some edge $e$ is removed from the network (for example if it ceases to function), the monitoring probes $x$ and $y$ will detect the failure since the distance between them will increase. We explore the notion of MEG-sets by deriving the minimum size of a MEG-set for some basic graph classes (trees, cycles, unicyclic graphs, complete graphs, grids, hypercubes,...) and we prove an upper bound using the feedback edge set of the graph

Sidis of Gujarat – A Historical Reminiscence

The following study documents the socio-economic profile of “Sidis” an ancient tribe inhabiting the outskirts of the Gir forest in Gujarat. The study aimed at analyzing the impact of cage culture programme on the status of livelihood of the beneficiaries of the programme. Data was collected form a sample of 135 “Sidis” using structured interview schedule. The average monthly income and skill perception was higher for the “Sidis” practicing cage culture when compared to the other two categories

Involvement of extension personnel in implementing social forestry programmes

In a country like India, where the population is high and resources are limited, social forestry is an instrument for rural development, particularly for the poor people. Thus social forestry is identified as a forestry of the people, by the people and for the people

Study on the Socio-Economic Status and level of Cognitive, Psychomotor and Affective Domains of Sidi Tribes in Open Sea Cage Culture

A study on the level of socio-economic conditions of communities/beneficiaries provides the base to formulate development plans and undertake corrective action for the posterity. The present study deals with the sociopersonal, socio-psychological and socio-economic characteristics of Sidis a primitive tribal group who are the beneficiaries of the ambitious cage culture programme of CMFRI under the Tribal Sub-Plan. A sample of 135 Sidi tribals consisting of 45 numbers of Sidis practicing cage culture, 45 numbers of non-practicing beneficiaries of the tribal society and 45 numbers of Sidis who were non practicing and non-beneficiaries of society were selected using multistage random sampling method. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the participant beneficiaries (58.33 percent) were having high school level of education, when compared to non-participant beneficiaries majority of whom were illiterates (55.55 percent). It could be inferred that, the participant beneficiaries had a higher average monthly income ie ` 1516.25 when compared to non-participant beneficiaries who earned an average monthly income of ` 854.25. Majority of the participant beneficiaries (41.67 per cent) had medium level of knowledge in cage culture followed by (50.00 per cent) who had medium level of attitude followed by 75 per cent had medium level of perceived skill towards cage culture