1,957 research outputs found
Non-Nominal Value of the Dynamical Effective Charge in Alkaline-Earth Oxides
We calculate ab-initio the electronic states and the Born dynamical charge Z*
of the alkaline-earth oxides in the local-density approximation. We investigate
the trend of increasing Z* values through the series, using band-by-band
decompositions and computational experiments performed on fake materials with
artificially-modified covalence. The deviations of Z* from the nominal value 2
are due to the increasing interaction between O 2p orbitals and unoccupied
cation d states. We also explain the variations, along the series, of the
individual contributions to Z* arising from the occupied band manifolds.Comment: 12 pages Latex, plus 2 Postscript figure
Quantum Monte Carlo method using phase-free random walks with Slater determinants
We develop a quantum Monte Carlo method for many fermions that allows the use
of any one-particle basis. It projects out the ground state by random walks in
the space of Slater determinants. An approximate approach is formulated to
control the phase problem with a trial wave function . Using
plane-wave basis and non-local pseudopotentials, we apply the method to Si
atom, dimer, and 2, 16, 54 atom (216 electrons) bulk supercells. Single Slater
determinant wave functions from density functional theory calculations were
used as with no additional optimization. The calculated binding
energy of Si2 and cohesive energy of bulk Si are in excellent agreement with
experiments and are comparable to the best existing theoretical results.Comment: 5 pages, Latex, with 1 fi
Auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo calculations of molecular systems with a Gaussian basis
We extend the recently introduced phaseless auxiliary-field quantum Monte
Carlo (QMC) approach to any single-particle basis, and apply it to molecular
systems with Gaussian basis sets. QMC methods in general scale favorably with
system size, as a low power. A QMC approach with auxiliary fields in principle
allows an exact solution of the Schrodinger equation in the chosen basis.
However, the well-known sign/phase problem causes the statistical noise to
increase exponentially. The phaseless method controls this problem by
constraining the paths in the auxiliary-field path integrals with an
approximate phase condition that depends on a trial wave function. In the
present calculations, the trial wave function is a single Slater determinant
from a Hartree-Fock calculation. The calculated all-electron total energies
show typical systematic errors of no more than a few milli-Hartrees compared to
exact results. At equilibrium geometries in the molecules we studied, this
accuracy is roughly comparable to that of coupled-cluster with single and
double excitations and with non-iterative triples, CCSD(T). For stretched bonds
in HO, our method exhibits better overall accuracy and a more uniform
behavior than CCSD(T).Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures. submitted to JC
Pressure-induced diamond to beta-tin transition in bulk silicon: a near-exact quantum Monte Carlo study
The pressure-induced structural phase transition from diamond to beta-tin in
silicon is an excellent test for theoretical total energy methods. The
transition pressure provides a sensitive measure of small relative energy
changes between the two phases (one a semiconductor and the other a semimetal).
Experimentally, the transition pressure is well characterized.
Density-functional results have been unsatisfactory. Even the generally much
more accurate diffusion Monte Carlo method has shown a noticeable fixed-node
error. We use the recently developed phaseless auxiliary-field quantum Monte
Carlo (AFQMC) method to calculate the relative energy differences in the two
phases. In this method, all but the error due to the phaseless constraint can
be controlled systematically and driven to zero. In both structural phases we
were able to benchmark the error of the phaseless constraint by carrying out
exact unconstrained AFQMC calculations for small supercells. Comparison between
the two shows that the systematic error in the absolute total energies due to
the phaseless constraint is well within 0.5 mHa/atom. Consistent with these
internal benchmarks, the transition pressure obtained by the phaseless AFQMC
from large supercells is in very good agreement with experiment.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Modeling of the electronic state of the High-Temperature Superconductor LaCuO: Phonon dynamics and charge response
A modeling of the normal state of the p-doped high-temperature
superconductors (HTSC's) is presented. This is achieved starting from a more
conventional metallic phase for optimal- and overdoping and passing via the
underdoped to the insulating state by consecutive orbital selective
compressibility-incompressibility transitions in terms of sum rules for the
charge response. The modeling is substantiated by corresponding phonon
calculations. Extending investigations of the full dispersion and in particular
of the strongly doping dependent anomalous phonon modes in LaCuO, which so far
underpin our treatment of the density response of the electrons in the p-doped
HTSC's, gives additional support for the modeling of the electronic state,
compares well with recent experimental data and predicts the dispersion for the
overdoped regime. Moreover, phonon densities of states have been calculated and
compared for the insulating, underdoped, optimally doped and overdoped state of
LaCuO. From our modeling of the normal state a consistent picture of the
superconducting phase also can be extracted qualitatively pointing in the
underdoped regime to a phase ordering transition. On the other hand, the
modeling of the optimal and overdoped state is consistent with a quasi-particle
picture with a well defined Fermi surface. Thus, in the latter case a Fermi
surface instability with an evolution of pairs of well defined quasiparticles
is possible and can lead to a BCS-type ordering. So, it is tempting to
speculate that optimal in the HTSC's marks a crossover region between
these two forms of ordering.Comment: 18 RevTex pages, 10 figures, revised version, references updated,
accepted for publication in Physical Review
Experimental chronic noise is related to elevated fecal corticosteroid metabolites in lekking male greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus).
There is increasing evidence that individuals in many species avoid areas exposed to chronic anthropogenic noise, but the impact of noise on those who remain in these habitats is unclear. One potential impact is chronic physiological stress, which can affect disease resistance, survival and reproductive success. Previous studies have found evidence of elevated stress-related hormones (glucocorticoids) in wildlife exposed to human activities, but the impacts of noise alone are difficult to separate from confounding factors. Here we used an experimental playback study to isolate the impacts of noise from industrial activity (natural gas drilling and road noise) on glucocorticoid levels in greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a species of conservation concern. We non-invasively measured immunoreactive corticosterone metabolites from fecal samples (FCMs) of males on both noise-treated and control leks (display grounds) in two breeding seasons. We found strong support for an impact of noise playback on stress levels, with 16.7% higher mean FCM levels in samples from noise leks compared with samples from paired control leks. Taken together with results from a previous study finding declines in male lek attendance in response to noise playbacks, these results suggest that chronic noise pollution can cause greater sage-grouse to avoid otherwise suitable habitat, and can cause elevated stress levels in the birds who remain in noisy areas
Plant Driven Movement: Does Plant Quality Affect the Foraging Patterns of Successful Male Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus Urophasianus)?
The structural and dietary quality of plants is highly variable across the landscape and may influence energy acquisition by herbivores needed for energy dependent activities. For sage-grouse, male display efforts are energetically expensive, with successful males expending up to four times their basal metabolic rate to display. Previous work found that males who had the greatest energy expenditure during the lekking season also lost the least weight and foraged farthest from the lek. We hypothesized that the energetic benefit of foraging farther from the lek is due to higher quality food or cover compared to near lek vegetation. To initially test this hypothesis, we quantified the structural and nutritional quality of sagebrush at different distances away from the lek as well as at patches used by sage-grouse for foraging and roosting. We found no difference in density, percent cover, or height of live or dead sagebrush among different distances (edge, 100, 200, 400 or 800 m) away from leks, but there was a trend for plants near the lek edge to have higher crude protein than those farther away from leks. We found no difference in percent grass, percent forbs, volume of sagebrush, or crude protein of sagebrush among forage, roost, or near lek (100 m from edge) patches, but forage patches tended to have taller sagebrush than roost or near lek patches. The preliminary results suggest that selection for off-lek patches by male sage-grouse may not be driven by the structural or nutritional quality of plants. We propose that plant chemical components may be more indicative of off-lek habitat use by male sage-grouse during the lekking period
Low-energy renormalization of the electron dispersion of high-T superconductors
High-resolution ARPES studies in cuprates have detected low-energy changes in
the dispersion and absorption of quasi-particles at low temperatures, in
particular, in the superconducting state. Based on a new 1/N expansion of the
t-J-Holstein model, which includes collective antiferromagnetic fluctuations
already in leading order, we argue that the observed low-energy structures are
mainly caused by phonons and not by spin fluctuations, at least, in the optimal
and overdoped regime.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
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