107 research outputs found

    Sexualmedizinische BehandlungsfĂ€lle – Entwicklungen 1980 – 1990 – 2004

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    Sexual dysfunctions can adversely affect men's and women's satisfaction with life over a prolonged period. Besides sexual medicine services in primary medical care, in Switzerland there exist specialized consultation services at University Hospitals. The assessment of the case histories of three years (1980, 1990, and 2004) of the Sexual Medicine Consultation Service at Zurich University Hospital provided the following results: the most common disorders are lack/loss of libido in women and erectile dysfunction in men. Treatment options for sexual disorders have become more differentiated in recent years. The collaboration between the doctors making the referral and the sexual medicine specialists improved markedly between 1980 and 2004. After a diagnostic assessment and a primary treatment in the specialized consultation service, many patients are referred back to the referring doctors for further treatment. Basic and further training in sexual medicine ought to be intensified and improved

    Einstellungen zu alten Menschen zu Beginn und am Ende des Medizinstudiums

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    Zusammenfassung: In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 188 Medizinstudenten des ersten und 120 des sechsten Studienjahres der UniversitĂ€t ZĂŒrich hinsichtlich ihrer Einstellungen zum Alter, ihrem Wissen zu alterspezifischen VorgĂ€ngen, ihren Erfahrungen mit alten Menschen und ihren eigenen Erwartungen an das Alter befragt. Eingesetzt wurden voll strukturierte, standardisierte Fragebögen. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels uni- und multivariater statistischer Methoden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, weitgehend unabhĂ€ngig von Geschlecht und Studienjahr, ein positives Altersbild der Studierenden. Ihre positiven Erfahrungen mit alten Menschen und ihre positiven Erwartungen an das eigene Alter betreffen vor allem die eigene psychische Gesundheit. FĂŒr die Vermittlung von gerontologischem und geriatrischem Wissen in der Ausbildung von Medizinstudenten sollte diesen ĂŒberwiegend positiven Einstellungen gegenĂŒber Ă€lteren Menschen Rechnung getragen werden und sowohl auf Risiko- als auch auf protektive Faktoren fĂŒr die Entstehung und Behandlung alterstypischer gesundheitlicher Störungen hingewiesen werde

    Möglichkeiten zur AttraktivitĂ€tssteigerung der Hausarztmedizin aus der Sicht junger Ärztinnen und Ärzte

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    Hintergrund: Ziel der Studie ist es zu untersuchen, welche berufliche Laufbahn junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte gegen Ende ihrer fachĂ€rztlichen Weiterbildung anstreben und welche Faktoren aus ihrer Sicht eine TĂ€tigkeit in der Ă€rztlichen Grundversorgung attraktiver machen könnten. Methodik: Im Rahmen einer seit 2001 laufenden Schweizer prospektiven Studie zu Determinanten der Karriereentwicklung nahmen 534 junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte im Jahr 2007 an der vierten Befragung teil. Sie machten Angaben zur angestrebten beruflichen Laufbahn, zum geplanten Praxismodell und Praxisstandort, ferner benannten sie Faktoren, die fĂŒr bzw. gegen die Hausarztmedizin sprechen und welche die AttraktivitĂ€t der Hausarztmedizin steigern wĂŒrden. Ergebnisse: 84 Personen (42% MĂ€nner, 58% Frauen) streben eine TĂ€tigkeit als Hausarzt/-Ă€rztin an (60% spezialisieren sich in Allgemeinmedizin, 40% in Allgemeiner Innerer Medizin), 450 spezialisieren sich in einem anderen Fachgebiet. Von den 534 Studienteilnehmenden möchten 208 spĂ€ter in einer Praxis arbeiten, mehrheitlich in einer Gruppenpraxis (88%). 49% der zukĂŒnftigen HausĂ€rzte planen eine Praxis in einer Stadt, von den Spezialisten sind es 77%. Als wesentliche GrĂŒnde gegen die Hausarztmedizin werden die unsichere Entwicklung der Hausarztmedizin und das niedrige Einkommen genannt, als positive Faktoren die Vielseitigkeit, das breite Patientenspektrum sowie die KontinuitĂ€t der Arzt-Patient-Beziehung. Um die AttraktivitĂ€t der Hausarztmedizin zu steigern, mĂŒssten interdisziplinĂ€re Gruppenpraxen gefördert und die finanziellen Rahmenbedingungen verbessert werden. Schlussfolgerung: Die Hausarztmedizin wird als interessantes Berufsfeld eingeschĂ€tzt, die gegenwĂ€rtigen Rahmenbedingungen fĂŒr die AusĂŒbung der hausĂ€rztlichen TĂ€tigkeit wirken jedoch abschreckend

    Einstellungen zu alten Menschen zu Beginn und am Ende des Medizinstudiums

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    In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 188 Medizinstudenten des ersten und 120 des sechsten Studienjahres der UniversitĂ€t ZĂŒrich hinsichtlich ihrer Einstellungen zum Alter, ihrem Wissen zu alterspezifischen VorgĂ€ngen, ihren Erfahrungen mit alten Menschen und ihren eigenen Erwartungen an das Alter befragt. Eingesetzt wurden voll strukturierte, standardisierte Fragebögen. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels uni- und multivariater statistischer Methoden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, weitgehend unabhĂ€ngig von Geschlecht und Studienjahr, ein positives Altersbild der Studierenden. Ihre positiven Erfahrungen mit alten Menschen und ihre positiven Erwartungen an das eigene Alter betreffen vor allem die eigene psychische Gesundheit. FĂŒr die Vermittlung von gerontologischem und geriatrischem Wissen in der Ausbildung von Medizinstudenten sollte diesen ĂŒberwiegend positiven Einstellungen gegenĂŒber Ă€lteren Menschen Rechnung getragen werden und sowohl auf Risiko- als auch auf protektive Faktoren fĂŒr die Entstehung und Behandlung alterstypischer gesundheitlicher Störungen hingewiesen werden. = In the present study, 188 first year and 120 sixth year students of the University of Zurich were questioned about their attitudes towards older people, their knowledge concerning aging specific developments, their experiences with older people and their own expectations concerning old age. Structured and standardized questionnaires were used. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods. The results show a positive image of old age independent of gender and point in time of education. Their positive experiences with older people and their positive expectations concern their own aging refer, above all, to their own mental health. For the transfer of gerontological and geriatric knowledge in the education of medical students, these mainly positive attitudes towards older people should be taken into account. Risk factors as well as protective factors concerning the development and treatment of diseases which are characteristic for old age should be pointed out

    PrĂ€operative NĂŒchternzeiten: Sicht der Patienten

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    Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Mit dem Ziel der subjektiven perioperativen QualitĂ€tsverbesserung scheint es wĂŒnschenswert, die prĂ€operativen NĂŒchternzeiten im Rahmen der als sicher geltenden Grenzen so kurz als möglich zu halten. Diese Maßnahmen sollten mit einer messbaren Verminderung von prĂ€operativem Hunger und Durst einhergehen und v.a. in einer Verbesserung der prĂ€operativen Befindlichkeit resultieren. Welchen Einfluss Durst und Hunger aus Patientensicht auf den prĂ€operativen Komfort haben, ist jedoch weit gehend unbekannt. Ziel dieser Studie war es, das Ausmaß der BeeintrĂ€chtigung der Patienten durch eine traditionelle NĂŒchternheitsregelung abzuschĂ€tzen. Patienten und Methoden: Ein Kollektiv von 412Patienten der "American-Society-of-Anesthesiologists"- (ASA-)RisikoklassenI und II, das sich einem kleineren chirurgischen Eingriff unterzog, wurde mithilfe eines Fragebogens zum Ausmaß und Stellenwert von prĂ€operativem Durst und Hunger befragt. Ergebnisse: Es hatten 33% der Patienten mĂ€ĂŸigen oder starken Durst, 19% mĂ€ĂŸigen bis starken Hunger. Von den Befragten möchten 47% vor der Operation noch trinken, 72% hĂ€tten gern noch ein leichtes FrĂŒhstĂŒck eingenommen. Die mittlere NĂŒchternzeit war 12,8±3,4h fĂŒr FlĂŒssigkeiten und 15,5±4,4h fĂŒr Essen. Durst wurde von 3,3% und Hunger von 0,8% der Patienten als Hauptgrund fĂŒr die BeeintrĂ€chtigung des prĂ€operativen Wohlbefindens genannt. Das lange Warten (8,5%), NervositĂ€t (6,5%) und Angst (4,8%) wurden am hĂ€ufigsten genannt. Die Antworten waren unabhĂ€ngig von der Zeitdauer der prĂ€operativen NĂŒchternheit. Schlussfolgerung: Der Patientenkomfort ist durch eine traditionelle NĂŒchternheitsregelung beeintrĂ€chtigt, und Minimierung der prĂ€operativen NĂŒchternzeiten wird von den Patienten gewĂŒnscht. Anstrengungen mit dem Ziel der Reduktion von prĂ€operativer Angst und NervositĂ€t bergen jedoch zusĂ€tzliches großes Potenzial fĂŒr eine Steigerung der perioperativen BehandlungsqualitĂ€t aus Sicht der Patiente

    Analysis of the relationship between disease activity and damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus—a 5-yr prospective study

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    Objective. To determine whether initial damage, disease duration, age, initial health status, average disease activity over the 5 yr or an average medication score covering the follow-up period would predict an increase in damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) within the next 5 yr. Methods. A 5-yr prospective longitudinal study of a cohort of 141 consecutive patients with SLE attending a specialist lupus out-patient clinic in London from their first assessment between July 1994 and February 1995. Disease activity was assessed using the BILAG system, initial health status by the Medical Outcome Survey Short Form 20 with an extra question about fatigue (SF-20+) and damage by the SLICC/ACR Damage Index (SDI). Damage was reassessed 5 yr later. Statistical analysis was carried out using multiple logistic regression analysis (logXact). Results. One hundred and thirty-three female and eight male SLE patients (97 Caucasians, 16 Afro-Caribbeans, 22 Asians and 6 others) were included, their age at inclusion was 41.1 ± 12.5 yr and their disease duration 10.2 ± 6.3 yr. The mean measures at inclusion were: total BILAG 5.2 (range 0-17), total SDI 1.2 (0-7) and medication score 1.2 (0-3). Six patients were lost to follow-up because they had moved. Of the remaining 135 patients total damage had increased in 40 patients and 10 patients had died. At the end of the study, at 4.63 ± 0.19 yr, the total SDI had increased to 1.6 ± 1.7. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that death and increase in damage were strongly predicted by a high total disease activity over the entire study period (P<0.001) as we had hypothesized. When the total BILAG score was replaced by the average number of A-flares the prediction of accrual of damage during the study period was again highly significant (P = 0.004). Conclusions. In this first prospective study of its type a highly significant impact of total disease activity, as measured over 5 yr using the BILAG system, on the development of total damage was revealed. Moreover, these results provide further proof of the validity of the SDI and support the BILAG concept of the A-flare

    Work-life conflicts and health among Swiss physicians--in comparison with other university graduates and with the general Swiss working population

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    QUESTION UNDER STUDY: The present study aimed to compare the prevalence of work-life conflicts and the health status of physicians, with a representative sample of university graduates as well as with a representative sample of the general Swiss working population. Furthermore, it aimed to analyse whether work-life conflicts correlate with the health of physicians, as it does in the general working population. METHODS: The present cross-sectional study analysed data from 2007 originating from the SwissMedCareer Study (a prospective cohort study of physicians who graduated in 2001; n = 543) and the Swiss Household Panel (a representative Swiss survey on living and working conditions; university graduates of the same age range: n = 172, general working population of the same age range: n = 670). Data were analysed with Chi2 tests, correlations and logistic regressions. RESULTS: Physicians reported strong time-based as well as strain-based work-life conflicts more frequently than university graduates and the general working population. Significantly more physicians reported "moderate" to "very poor" health than the other two samples. Surprisingly, on the other side of the scale ("very good" health), physicians outnumbered the other samples too. Strong associations between work-life conflict and self-rated health as well as various health complaints were found for physicians. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of work-life conflicts may explain the comparably high prevalence of poor self-rated health in the physicians' sample

    Effect of different quantities of a sugared clear fluid on gastric emptying and residual volume in children: a crossover study using magnetic resonance imaging

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    Background Gastric emptying in the first 2 h after 7 ml kg−1 of sugared clear fluid has recently been investigated in healthy children using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aims to compare gastric volume and emptying half-life during 1 h after 3 or 7 ml kg−1 sugared clear fluid intake. Methods Fourteen healthy volunteer children aged 11.1 (8.2-12.5) yr were investigated prospectively after administration of 3 and 7 ml kg−1 diluted raspberry syrup in a randomized order, after overnight fasting (baseline). Gastric content volume (GCVw) was assessed with a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner in a blinded fashion. Data are presented as median (range) and compared using the Wilcoxon test. Results Baseline GCVw was 0.39 (0.04-1.00) and 0.34 (0.07-0.75) before intake of 3 and 7 ml kg−1 syrup, respectively (P=0.93). GCVw was 0.45 (0.04-1.55)/1.33 (0.30-2.60) ml kg−1 60 min after ingestion of 3/7 ml kg−1 syrup (P=0.002). Thus GCVw had declined to baseline after 3 ml kg−1 (P=0.39) but not after 7 ml kg−1 (P=0.001) within 60 min. T1/2 was 20 (10-62)/27 (13-43) min (P=0.73) after 3/7 ml kg−1. Conclusion In healthy volunteer children, residual GCVw 1 h after intake of 3 ml kg−1 syrup is significantly smaller than that after 7 ml kg−1 and within the range of baselin

    Volumetric preload measurement by thermodilution: a comparison with transoesophageal echocardiography

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    Background. End-diastolic volume indices determined by transpulmonary thermodilution and pulmonary artery thermodilution may give a better estimate of left ventricular preload than pulmonary capillary wedge pressure monitoring. The aim of this study was to compare volume preload monitoring using the two different thermodilution techniques with left ventricular preload assessment by transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE). Methods. Twenty patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with preserved left-right ventricular function were studied after induction of anaesthesia. Conventional haemodynamic variables, global end-diastolic volume index using the pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) system (GEDVIPiCCO), continuous end-diastolic volume index (CEDVIPAC) measured by a modified pulmonary artery catheter (PAC), left ventricular end-diastolic area index (LVEDAI) using TOE and stroke volume indices (SVI) were recorded before and 20 and 40 min after fluid replacement therapy. Analysis of variance (Bonferroni-Dunn), Bland-Altman analysis and linear regression were performed. Results. GEDVIPiCCO, CEDVIPAC, LVEDAI and SVIPiCCO/PAC increased significantly after fluid load (P10% for GEDVIPiCCO and LVEDAI was observed in 85% and 90% of the patients compared with 45% for CEDVIPAC. Mean bias (2 sd) between percentage changes (Δ) in GEDVIPiCCO and ΔLVEDAI was −3.2 (17.6)% and between ΔCEDVIPAC and ΔLVEDAI −8.7 (30.0)%. The correlation coefficient (r2) for ΔGEDVIPiCCO vs ΔLVEDAI was 0.658 and for ΔCEDVIPAC vs ΔLVEDAI 0.161. The relationship between ΔGEDVIPiCCO and ΔSVIPiCCO was stronger (r2=0.576) than that between ΔCEDVIPAC and ΔSVIPAC (r2=0.267). Conclusion. GEDVI assessed by the PiCCO system gives a better reflection of echocardiographic changes in left ventricular preload, in response to fluid replacement therapy, than CEDVI measured by a modified PA

    Patient well‐being after general anaesthesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled multi‐centre trial comparing intravenous and inhalation anaesthesia

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    Background. The aim of this study was to assess postoperative patient well‐being after total i.v. anaesthesia compared with inhalation anaesthesia by means of validated psychometric tests. Methods. With ethics committee approval, 305 patients undergoing minor elective gynaecologic or orthopaedic interventions were assigned randomly to total i.v. anaesthesia using propofol or inhalation anaesthesia using sevoflurane. The primary outcome measurement was the actual mental state 90 min and 24 h after anaesthesia assessed by a blinded observer using the Adjective Mood Scale (AMS) and the State‐Trait‐Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postoperative pain level were determined by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 90 min and 24 h after anaesthesia (secondary outcome measurements). Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a VAS 24 h after anaesthesia. Results. The AMS and STAI scores were significantly better 90 min after total i.v. anaesthesia compared with inhalation anaesthesia (P=0.02, P=0.05, respectively), but equal 24 h after both anaesthetic techniques (P=0.90, P=0.78, respectively); patient satisfaction was comparable (P=0.26). Postoperative pain was comparable in both groups 90 min and 24 h after anaesthesia (P=0.11, P=0.12, respectively). The incidence of postoperative nausea was reduced after total i.v. compared with inhalation anaesthesia at 90 min (7 vs 35%, P<0.001), and 24 h (33 vs 52%, P=0.001). Conclusion. Total i.v. anaesthesia improves early postoperative patient well‐being and reduces the incidence of PONV. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 631-
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