1,504 research outputs found
Mass transfer, fluid flow and membrane properties in flat and corrugated plate hyperfiltration modules
Concentration polarisation, decreasing the efficiency in membrane separation processes, can be reduced by increasing mass transfer between membrane surface and bulk of the feed stream. Analogous to techniques used in plate heat exchangers efforts have been made to enhance mass transfer in a plate hyperfiltration module by using a corrugated membrane in stead of a flat one. The corrugations are pressed into an originally flat membrane. These corrugations do not only have an influence on the mass transfer, but also on such membrane properties as salt and water permeability. Corrugations enhance mass transfer in a more effective way than increase of flow rate does.\ud
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The effect of the corrugations on membrane properties shows a large spread. For corrugated membranes prepared by our group, flux increases of 100% at almost the same or even slightly higher retentions have been obtained
ALMA CO J=6-5 observations of IRAS16293-2422: Shocks and entrainment
Observations of higher-excited transitions of abundant molecules such as CO
are important for determining where energy in the form of shocks is fed back
into the parental envelope of forming stars. The nearby prototypical and
protobinary low-mass hot core, IRAS16293-2422 (I16293) is ideal for such a
study. The source was targeted with ALMA for science verification purposes in
band 9, which includes CO J=6-5 (E_up/k_B ~ 116 K), at an unprecedented spatial
resolution (~0.2", 25 AU). I16293 itself is composed of two sources, A and B,
with a projected distance of 5". CO J=6-5 emission is detected throughout the
region, particularly in small, arcsecond-sized hotspots, where the outflow
interacts with the envelope. The observations only recover a fraction of the
emission in the line wings when compared to data from single-dish telescopes,
with a higher fraction of emission recovered at higher velocities. The very
high angular resolution of these new data reveal that a bow shock from source A
coincides, in the plane of the sky, with the position of source B. Source B, on
the other hand, does not show current outflow activity. In this region, outflow
entrainment takes place over large spatial scales, >~ 100 AU, and in small
discrete knots. This unique dataset shows that the combination of a
high-temperature tracer (e.g., CO J=6-5) and very high angular resolution
observations is crucial for interpreting the structure of the warm inner
environment of low-mass protostars.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letter
An optical parsec-scale jet from a massive young star in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Highly collimated parsec-scale jets, generally linked to the presence of an
accretion disk, are a commonly observed phenomenon from revealed low-mass young
stellar objects. In the past two decades, only a very few of these objects have
been directly (or indirectly) observed towards high-mass (M > 8 M)
young stellar objects, adding to the growing evidence that disk-mediated
accretion is a phenomenon also occurring in high-mass stars, the formation
mechanism of which is still poorly understood. Of the observed jets from
massive young stars, none is in the optical regime (due to these being
typically highly obscured by their native material), and none are found outside
of the Milky Way. Here, we report the detection of HH 1177, the first
extragalactic optical ionized jet originating from a massive young stellar
object located in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The jet is highly collimated over
the entire measured extent of at least 10 pc, and has a bipolar geometry. The
presence of a jet indicates ongoing, disk-mediated accretion, and together with
the high degree of collimation, this system is therefore likely to be an
up-scaled version of low-mass star formation. We conclude that the physics
governing jet launching and collimation is independent of stellar mass.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 2 table
Vortex pinning by natural defects in thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ
Although vortex pinning in laser-ablated YBa2Cu3O7−δ films on (100) SrTiO3 is dominated by threading dislocations, many other natural pinning sites are present. To identify the contribution from twin planes, surface corrugations and point defects, we manipulate the relative densities of all defects by post-annealing films with various as-grown dislocation densities, ndisl. While a universal magnetic field B dependence of the transport current density js(B, T) is observed (independently of ndisl, temperature T and the annealing treatment), the defect structure changes considerably. Correlating the microstructure to js(B, T), it becomes clear that surface roughness, twins and point defects are not important at low magnetic fields compared to linear defect pinning. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that threading dislocations are not part of grain boundaries nor are they related to the twin domain structure. We conclude that js(B, T) is essentially determined by pinning along threading dislocations, naturally induced during the growth process. Even in high magnetic fields, where the vortex density outnumbers ndisl, it appears that linear defects stabilize the vortex lattice by means of the vortex–vortex interaction.
Carina's Pillars of Destruction: the view from ALMA
Forming high-mass stars have a significant effect on their natal environment.
Their feedback pathways, including winds, outflows, and ionising radiation,
shape the evolution of their surroundings which impacts the formation of the
next generation of stars. They create or reveal dense pillars of gas and dust
towards the edges of the cavities they clear. They are modelled in feedback
simulations, and the sizes and shapes of the pillars produced are consistent
with those observed. However, these models predict measurably different
kinematics which provides testable discriminants. Here we present the first
ALMA Compact Array (ACA) survey of 13 pillars in Carina, observed in CO,
CO and CO J=2-1, and the 230 GHz continuum. The pillars in this
survey were chosen to cover a wide range in properties relating to the amount
and direction of incident radiation, proximity to nearby irradiating clusters
and cloud rims, and whether they are detached from the cloud. With these data,
we are able to discriminate between models. We generally find pillar velocity
dispersions of 1 km s and that the outer few layers of molecular
emission in these pillars show no significant offsets from each other,
suggesting little bulk internal motions within the pillars. There are instances
where the pillars are offset in velocity from their parental cloud rim, and
some with no offset, hinting at a stochastic development of these motions.Comment: 24 Pages, 19 figures. Accepted to MNRA
In-situ spectroscopy of intrinsic Bi2Te3 topological insulator thin films and impact of extrinsic defects
Combined in-situ x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, scanning tunnelling
spectroscopy and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy of molecular beam
epitaxy grown Bi2Te3 on lattice mismatched substrates reveal high quality
stoichiometric thin films with topological surface states without a
contribution from the bulk bands at the Fermi energy. The absence of bulk
states at the Fermi energy is achieved without counter doping. We observe that
the surface morphology and electronic band structure of Bi2Te3 are not affected
by in-vacuo storage and exposure to oxygen, whereas major changes are observed
when exposed to ambient conditions. These films help define a pathway towards
intrinsic topological devices.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Record RF performance of standard 90 nm CMOS technology
We have optimized 3 key RF devices realized in standard logic 90 nm CMOS technology and report a record performance in terms of n-MOS maximum oscillation frequency f/sub max/ (280 GHz), varactor tuning range and varactor and inductor quality factor
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