The Comparison of Gabapentin and Amitriptilin Effectivity as Pain Therapy in Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) is one of peripheral neuropathic pain. Although concensus guidelines for the treatment of neuropathic pain are based on the results of the RCT studies, there are still gaps in the literatures. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and quality of life of gabapentin and amitriptyline for the treatment of pain in HNP. The method used a quasi experimental with consequtive sampling. This study included 30 patients in the gabapentin group and 26 patients in the amitriptyline group, and each group was evaluated for 1 month. Effectiveness was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) every 2 weeks then analized by independent and paired sample t test. The results showed that the use of gabapentin and amitriptilin in 4 weeks showed the decrease of pain score measured by visual analog scale 3.70 ± 0.349 and 3.500 ± 0.34 although there was no statistical difference (p value = 0.704). To sum up, effectiveness of gabapentin and amitriptyline in the treatment of neuropathic pain did not have statistical difference

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Menentukan Fektivitas Sistem Informasi Pada Organisasi Sektor Publik

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Drug Management Reviews in District Drug Management Unit and General Hospital

Drug is one of the essential elements in healthcare that should be effectively and efficiently managed. Following the decentralization in 2001 in Indonesia, drug management has changed in district drug management units and also in District General Hospitals. Certainly this condition influences the sustainability of drug access in primary health care such as in Community Health Center and District General Hospital, especially in drug financing policy. A cross sectional descriptive study to obtain information on drug management in public healthcare in district had been carried out between July and December 2006 in 10 District Public Drug Management Units from 10 district health offices and 9 district general hospitals as samples. Data were collected by interviewing heads of Drug Section in District Health Offices and heads of Hospital Pharmacies using structured questionnaires and observing drug storage in District Drug Management Units, Community Health Centers, and Hospital Pharmacies. Results of the study show that drug planning in District Health Offices and General Hospitals did not meet the basic real need in some districts nor District Hospitals. The minimum health service standards had not been achieved yet. Furthermore, drug procurement, storage and recording as well as reporting was not good enough either, such as shown by the existence of expired drugs. Lead time for drug delivery to community health centers in some districts was longer than the average of lead time in the past 3 years

Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Expert Choice sebagai Alat Bantu dalam Pengambilan Keputusan (Studi Kasus: PT. Bit Teknologi Nusantara)

PT . BIT TECHNOLOGY NUSANTARA need a laptop for the operations of the company , because there are many laptop brands , PT . BIT difficulty in choosing a laptop brand that will be used for the operations of the company in accordance with the wishes and budget . In connection with this, then designed a decision support system for selecting a laptop using Hierarcy Analytical Process ( AHP ) . In making this decision the authors conducted several stages: Intelligent , Modelling , Choice. The tools that I use in this study is the Expert Choice (EC ) EC 2000 is a software application that can be used as one tool to assist decision makers in determining the decision

Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair-Share Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Di Kelas IV SDN Malangga Selatan Tolitoli

Permasalahan utama pada penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar siswa kelas IV di SDN Malangga Selatan pada pelajaran IPA. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan adalah metode yang digunakan hanya cenderung membuat siswa terlihat duduk, mendengar dan mencatat materi. Siswa tidak dilibatkan langsung dalam pembelajaran karena materi pelajaran kurang menarik dan tidak melibatkan siswa secara aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa melalui pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair-Share pada siswa kelas IV SDN Malangga Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Malangga Selatan dengan jumlah siswa 15 orang, 7 orang siswa laki-laki dan 8 orang siswa perempuan. Hasil penelitian pada siklus I menunjukkan perolehan skor aktivitas guru pertemuan 1 dan 2 yaitu rata-rata 15,5 ( cukup ) dengan presentase 48,4%. Siklus II pertemuan 1 dan 2 yaitu rata-rata 32,5 (baik ) dengan presentase 81,25%. Perolehan skor aktivitas siswa pada siklus I pertemuan 1 dan 2 yaitu rata-rata nilai 17 ( cukup ) dengan persentase 48,57% dan pada siklus II pertemuan 1 dan 2 yaitu rata-rata nilai 25,5 ( baik ) dengan persentase 72,85t%. Skor nilai rata-rata siswa siklus I adalah 6,8 dan skor nilai rata-rata siklus II adalah 8,3. Nilai rata-rata daya serap klasikal pada siklus I mencapai 69,5% dengan ketuntasan belajar klasikal 43,6%. Pada tindakan siklus II daya serap siswa mencapai 84,5% dengan ketuntasan klasikal 86,6%. Yang berarti pembelajaran pada silkus II sudah mencapai indikator keberhasilan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran IPA melalui pendekatan kooperatif tipe Think pair-Share dengan media pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan keterampilan guru, aktivitas siswa dan hasil belajar siswa

Kajian Kematangan Layanan Teknologi Informasi Pada SMKN 5tangerang Menggunakan Framework Cobit 4.0

In education , the advancement of information technology has also contributed significantly. This study aims to provide an assessment of IT governance exists and provide an IT management model proposed for SMKN 5 Tangerang created by the study authors refer to the standard COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology) Version 4.0. Methodology The study was conducted through the analysis and identification of the vision , mission and goals of the organization SMKN 5 Tangerang , further identification of the function of the IT asset management awareness in support of the achievement of the vision and mission of the company through a questionnaire . From these data we can both see the target maturity ( maturity level expected ) corresponding to 5 SMKN Tangerang . This study was followed by assessing the maturity level of current through questionnaires and interviews relating to the management of IT respondents . Expected and current data of each IT process maturity level and then analyzed to see gaps , and further defined the steps that must be done to address this gap