Privacy Preserving Physical Layer Authentication Scheme for LBS based Wireless Networks

With the fast development in services related to localisation, location-based service (LBS) gains more importance amongst all the mobile wireless services. To avail the service in the LBS system, information about the location and identity of the user has to be provided to the service provider. The service provider authenticates the user based on their identity and location before providing services. In general, sharing location information and preserving the user’s privacy is a highly challenging task in conventional authentication techniques. To resolve these challenges in authenticating the users, retaining users’ privacy, a new SVD (singular value decomposition) based Privacy Preserved Location Authentication Scheme (SPPLAS) has been proposed. In this proposed method, physical layer signatures such as channel state information (CSI) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) are used for generating secret key required for encrypting the user’s location and identity information, and thus encrypted user’s information is sent to service provider for authentication. Secret key is generated by applying SVD on CSI vector. The proposed scheme aids in authenticating the user through location information while protecting the user’s privacy. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in terms of bit mismatch, leakage and bit error rate performance of receiver and adversary. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves better robustness and security than the existing location-based authentication techniques

MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NITROGEN GAS IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

Nitrogen gases are used at different stages of the pharmaceutical manufacturing process for several applications. Nitrogen gas sampling for microorganisms plays vital part in the contamination control. The aim of the work was to evaluate the aerobic and anaerobic microbial count in nitrogen gas during drug manufacturing process. The Nitrogen samples were collected at two different sites about 1000 liters of air sampled by using M-Air- T air sampler and petri plates containing soya bean casein digest agar used for sampling. The processed plates were incubated for aerobic microbial count at 20-25° C for 3 days for fungal count, followed by 30-35° C for 3-5 days for bacterial count. Incubated anaerobic microbial count at 30-35°C for 3 days using anaerobic jar and anaerobic gas pack. After incubation the plates were evaluated for microbial count. The results observed during the study met the acceptance limits as per the ISPE guideline, the microbial count for non-sterile applications limit is to be established based on the product bioburden limits. Typical level NMT 5 cfu/m3 and for sterile applications as per the viable particle requirements for grade area where the product is exposed to the compressed gas (eg.Grade A, Grade A/B, Grade B or Grade C). The pharmaceutical manufacturing industries are supposed to set up the limit and acceptance criteria based on the periodic evaluation. Keywords: Nitrogen gas, Aerobic, Anaerobic microbial count, Sterile, Non-sterile Pharmaceutical industr

The Long Term Stability and Histology of Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis in Hypo-Plastic Maxillae in Cleft Lip & Palate Patients

When we started anterior maxillary distraction for cleft lip and palate patient, there was no long term data available in the literature regarding the stability of this procedure. Hence, we decided to do the study and observe our results over several months and then analyze the results. Surgeries were performed by the author and his team of assistant surgeons under general anesthesia. Patients were from Ragas Dental College and Hospital and from Rajan Dental Institute. The analysis of the skeletal and dental land marks were done by orthodontist independently. Speech was assisted pre-operative and 3 months post operative by a qualified speech pathologist. Histology of the distracted cleft maxillary tissue, both soft and hard tissue, was analyzed under H & E sections. This was done by Oral and Maxillo-facial pathologists. The possibility of distracting fibrous scar tissue of the palate and alveolus was assessed

The Long Term Stability and Histology of Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis in Hypo-Plastic Maxillae in Cleft Lip & Palate Patients

This innovative technique of distraction of a scarred, operated cleft palate by means of segmental distraction has shown to be more stable than the classical methods of Le-Fort 1 distraction. The technique has no deleterious effects on speech when analyzed by speech language pathologists. This is a significant factor while considering surgical options in patients with pre-existing speech disorder or velo-pharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). Histology shows that there is a hyperplasia of soft tissue in the region of the regenerate and that distraction is possible even in scar tissue. The distracted regenerate bone was of adequate volume and quality to be able to have orthodontic realignment or support an osseo-integrated implant. The complications seen were minor and easily rectifiable. Patient adaptation and acceptance was good. However, patient’s attenders have to be alert enough to activate the appliance correctly and note any complication early enough. RECOMMENDATIONS: The technique should be reproducible in several centers to get a larger sample size and more extensive data collection and interpretation. The technique itself looks promising and also cost effective and hence should be taken up by centers which have limited resources. A larger sample size will also help better speech assessment. Though the findings of normal mucosa were confirmed by routine histology, further studies, probably ultrastructural, are needed to verify the ‘normalcy’ of the cells and tissues. This technique should also be tried in late mixed dentition period where orthognathic surgery cannot be performed. Appliance designed can be further enhanced with easier methods of activation such as self activating devices or miniature motorized devices

The Long Term Stability and Histology of Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis in Hypo Plastic Maxillae in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients

Cleft lip and cleft palate are congenital malformations resulting in non-fusion of lip and palate during development in utero. These clefts of the lip and palate are some of the more commonly occurring malformations observed in 1:800 live births. Apart from the obviously detrimental cosmetic effects, these malformations contribute to feeding difficulties right from birth, persistent recurring ear infections, speech difficulties, dental problems and psychological challenges. The management of these patients requires a team of specialists with a treatment plan from birth to adulthood directed towards ensuring the child s ability to eat, drink, speak, hear and a normal facial appearance. Objectives: 1) To study the stability of this procedure by : i) Pre and post operative radiographic records; ii) Pre and Post Operative Photographs 2) To study the histology of soft tissues in the distraction zone. 3) To do a pilot assessment of speech before and after distraction surgery. This innovative technique of distraction of a scarred, operated cleft palate by means of segmental distraction has shown to be more stable than the classical methods of Le-Fort 1 distraction. The technique has no deleterious effects on speech when analyzed by speech language pathologists. This is a significant factor while considering surgical options in patients with pre-existing speech disorder or velo-pharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). Histology shows that there is a hyperplasia of soft tissue in the region of the regenerate and that distraction is possible even in scar tissue. The distracted regenerate bone was of adequate volume and quality to be able to have orthodontic realignment or support an osseo-integrated implant. The complications seen were minor and easily rectifiable. Patient adaptation and acceptance was good. However, patient s attenders have to be alert enough to activate the appliance correctly and note any complication early enough. This innovative technique of distraction of a scarred, operated cleft palate by means of segmental distraction has shown to be more stable than the classical methods of Le-Fort 1 distraction. The technique has no deleterious effects on speech when analyzed by speech language pathologists. This is a significant factor while considering surgical options in patients with pre-existing speech disorder or velo-pharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). Histology shows that there is a hyperplasia of soft tissue in the region of the regenerate and that distraction is possible even in scar tissue. The distracted regenerate bone was of adequate volume and quality to be able to have orthodontic realignment or support an osseo-integrated implant. The complications seen were minor and easily rectifiable. Patient adaptation and acceptance was good. However, patient’s attenders have to be alert enough to activate the appliance correctly and note any complication early enough. RECOMMENDATIONS: The technique should be reproducible in several centers to get a larger sample size and more extensive data collection and interpretation. The technique itself looks promising and also cost effective and hence should be taken up by centers which have limited resources. A larger sample size will also help better speech assessment. Though the findings of normal mucosa were confirmed by routine histology, further studies, probably ultrastructural, are needed to verify the ‘normalcy’ of the cells and tissues. This technique should also be tried in late mixed dentition period where orthognathic surgery cannot be performed. Appliance designed can be further enhanced with easier methods of activation such as self activating devices or miniature motorized devices

Influence of inoculum activity on the bio-methanization of a kitchen waste under different waste/inoculum ratios

The use of a granular inoculum prevented acidification during the anaerobic batch biodegradation of a kitchen waste for waste/inoculum ratios in the range of 0.5–2.3 g VS/g VS, when the alkalinity/COD ratio was 37mg NaHCO3/g COD. In similar experiments but using a suspended sludge with a significantly lower activity, the methane production rates and the biodegradability were significantly lower and the pH decreased below 5.5 at the waste/inoculum ratio of 2.3 g VS/g VS. When the added alkalinity was decreased to 2mg NaHCO3/g COD, the ratio waste/inoculum was clearly more important than the inoculum activity, since, irrespective of the sludge used, acidification occurred at waste/inoculum ratios higher than 0.5 g VS/g VS. The advantage of using granular sludge was further investigated in order to define reasonable condition of waste/inoculum ratio and added alkalinity that could be applied in practice. For a waste/inoculum ratio of 1.35, there were no significant differences between the results obtained for the biodegradability and maximum methane production rate (MMPR), when the alkalinity decreased from 44 to 22 mg NaHCO3/g COD.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) - Project POCTI/1999/CTA/36524

3-Methyl-3,4-dihydro-9H-carbazol-1(2H)-one

In the title mol­ecule, C13H13NO, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the fused pyrrole ring is 2.03 (5)°. The methyl group at the 3-position has an equatorial orientation. The cyclo­hexene ring adopts an envelope conformation. Three C atoms of the cyclo­hexene ring, with their attached H atoms, and all atoms of the methyl group are disordered over two positions, the site-occupancy factors being 0.883 (2) and 0.117 (2). In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A C—H⋯π inter­action, involving the benzene ring, is also found

7,8,9,10-Tetra­hydro­cyclo­hepta­[b]indol-6(5H)-one

In the title mol­ecule, C13H13NO, the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyrrole rings is 1.05 (5)°. The cyclo­heptene ring adopts a slightly distorted boat conformation. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric dimers. A C—H⋯π inter­action, involving the benzene ring, is also found in the structure

4-Methyl-7,8,9,10-tetra­hydro­cyclo­hepta­[b]indol-6(5H)-one

In the title compound, C14H15NO, the seven-membered ring exhibits a slightly distorted twist-boat conformation. The pyrrole ring forms a dihedral angle of 1.44 (10)° with the fused benzene ring. N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form a centrosymmetric dimer and weak C—H⋯π inter­actions are also found in the crystal structure