2,889 research outputs found
Numerical study of the shape and integral parameters of a dendrite
We present a numerical study of sidebranching of a solidifying dendrite by
means of a phase--field model. Special attention is paid to the regions far
from the tip of the dendrite, where linear theories are no longer valid. Two
regions have been distinguished outside the linear region: a first one in which
sidebranching is in a competition process and a second one further down where
branches behave as independent of each other. The shape of the dendrite and
integral parameters characterizing the whole dendrite (contour length and area
of the dendrite) have been computed and related to the characteristic tip
radius for both surface tension and kinetic dominated dendrites. Conclusions
about the different behaviors observed and comparison with available
experiments and theoretical predictions are presented.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Sharp-Interface Limit of a Fluctuating Phase-Field Model
We present a derivation of the sharp-interface limit of a generic fluctuating
phase-field model for solidification. As a main result, we obtain a
sharp-interface projection which presents noise terms in both the diffusion
equation and in the moving boundary conditions. The presented procedure does
not rely on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, and can therefore be applied
to account for both internal and external fluctuations in either variational or
non-variational phase-field formulations. In particular, it can be used to
introduce thermodynamical fluctuations in non-variational formulations of the
phase-field model, which permit to reach better computational efficiency and
provide more flexibility for describing some features of specific physical
situations. This opens the possibility of performing quantitative phase-field
simulations in crystal growth while accounting for the proper fluctuations of
the system.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Impedance characterization of calcia-stabilized zirconia as a function of applied field
Cubic stabilised-zirconias are well-known oxide ion conductors. They are used as solid electrolytes in oxygen sensors and in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, it has been demonstrated recently that electronic conduction can be introduced into yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ), under the application of either (i) a small dc bias or (ii) for YSZ compositions with higher yttria content, by an increase in oxygen partial pressure (pO2) [1]. Such electronic conduction will have implications for materials that are to be used as ionically-conducting but electrically-insulating components in fuel cells and sensors.
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Genetic study in patients operated dentally and anesthetized with articaine-epinephrine
Aims: In this study we wanted to figure out if there was a correlation between OPRM1 N40D, TRPV1 I316M, TRPV1 I585V, NOS3 −786T>C and IL6 −174C>G polymorphisms and the response to locally applied articaine-epinephrine anesthetic.
Methods: In this observational study, 114 oral cell samples of patients anesthetized with articaine-epinephrine (54 from men 60 from women), were collected from dental centers in Madrid (Spain). High molecular weight DNA was obtained from oral mucosa cells. The analysis of OPRM1 N40D (rs1799971), TRPV1 I316M (rs222747), TRPV1 I585V (rs8065080) and IL6 −174C>G polymorphism was performed through real-time PCR allelic discrimination using TaqMan probes. Polymorphism NOS3 −786T> C (rs2070744) was analyzed using RFLP-PCR.
Results: The studied polymorphisms are involved neither in the response to the anesthetic, nor in the intensity of perceived dental pain. However, in a subset of female patients we found that TRPV1 I316M was associated with a delayed onset of anesthesia.
Conclusions: There is no association among these polymorphisms and the time elapsed between the application of the anesthetic and the onset of its effect
General Non-equilibrium Theory of Colloid Dynamics
A non-equilibrium extension of Onsager's canonical theory of thermal
fluctuations is employed to derive a self-consistent theory for the description
of the statistical properties of the instantaneous local concentration profile
n(r,t) of a colloidal liquid in terms of the coupled time evolution equations
of its mean value n(r,t) and of the covariance {\sigma}(r,r';t) \equiv
of its fluctuations {\delta}n(r, t) = n(r, t) -
n(r, t). These two coarse-grained equations involve a local mobility function
b(r, t) which, in its turn, is written in terms of the memory function of the
two-time correlation function C(r, r' ; t, t') \equiv <{\delta}n(r,
t){\delta}n(r',t')>. For given effective interactions between colloidal
particles and applied external fields, the resulting self-consistent theory is
aimed at describing the evolution of a strongly correlated colloidal liquid
from an initial state with arbitrary mean and covariance n^0(r) and
{\sigma}^0(r,r') towards its equilibrium state characterized by the equilibrium
local concentration profile n^(eq)(r) and equilibrium covariance
{\sigma}^(eq)(r,r').
This theory also provides a general theoretical framework to describe
irreversible processes associated with dynamic arrest transitions, such as
aging, and the effects of spatial heterogeneities
Electrical Conductivity in Magnesium-Doped Al_2 O_3 Crystal at Moderate Temperatures
AC and DC electrical measurements between 273 and 800 K were used to
characterize the electrical conductivity of Al_2 O_3:Mg single crystals
containing [Mg]^{0} center. At low fields contacts are blocking. At high
fields, electrical current flows steadily through the sample and the I-V
characteristic corresponds to a directly biased barrier whit a series
resistance (bulk resistance). AC measurements yield values for the junction
capacitance as well as for the sample resistance, and provide perfectly
reproducible conductivity values. The conductivity varies linearly whit the
[Mg]^{0} concentration and a thermal activation energy of 0.68 eV was obtained,
which agrees very well with the activation energy previously reported for
motion of free holes.Comment: LaTeX, 6 pages, 3 eps figures included. Contributed Paper to the
"International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials" (ICDIM 2000),
Johannesburg, South Africa, 3-7 April, 200
Districting and Customer Clustering Within Supply Chain Planning: A Review of Modeling and Solution Approaches
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