Construction and measurements of a vacuum-swing-adsorption radon-mitigation system

Long-lived alpha and beta emitters in the $^{222}$Rn decay chain on (and near) detector surfaces may be the limiting background in many experiments attempting to detect dark matter or neutrinoless double-beta decay, and in screening detectors. In order to reduce backgrounds from radon-daughter plate-out onto the wires of the BetaCage during its assembly, an ultra-low-radon cleanroom is being commissioned at Syracuse University using a vacuum-swing-adsorption radon-mitigation system. The radon filter shows ~20$\times$ reduction at its output, from 7.47$\pm$0.56 to 0.37$\pm$0.12 Bq/m$^3$, and the cleanroom radon activity meets project requirements, with a lowest achieved value consistent with that of the filter, and levels consistently < 2 Bq/m$^3$.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of Low Radioactivity Techniques (LRT) 2013, Gran Sasso, Italy, April 10-12, 201

Kontribusi Pasar Tradisional Dan Pasar Modern Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Semarang Tahun 2011 (Studi Kasus Di Wilayah Kecamatan Banyumanik)

Perkembangan pasar modern yang semakin tak terkendali di Kota Semarangditandai dengan banyaknya jumlah pasar modern melebihi jumlah pasar tradisionalnya.Hal ini berdampak negatif terhadap pertumbuhan pasar tradisional yakni dapatmenggeser peran pasar tradisional sebagai tempat masyarakat berbelanja. Denganadanya pasar modern yang menyediakan fasilitas yang bagus, maka masyarakat akancenderung berbelanja di pasar modern dari pada di pasar tradisional.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan seberapa besarkontribusi pasar tradisional dan pasar modern bagi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) KotaSemarang tahun 2011, bagaimana mekanisme kontribusi dilakukan dan apa saja regulasiyang digunakan oleh Pemerintah Kota Semarang dalam mengatur kedua pasar tersebut.Penulis mengambil objek penelitian di Wilayah Kecamatan Banyumanik untukkemudahan dan kapabilitas data yang diperoleh. Metode yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yaitu dengan menggambarkan keadaansubjek dan objek penelitian pada saat sekarang berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang tampak.Dalam pengumpulan data, menggunakan teknik wawancara sebagai data primer,sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari buku literatur dan peraturan-peraturan pemerintah.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pasar tradisional di Wilayah KecamatanBanyumanik berkontribusi terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Semarang sebesarRp. 364.128.420,- pada tahun 2011 sedangkan pasar modern tidak diketahui. Pasartradisional berkontribusi melalui retribusi pasar yang dipungut setiap hari dan setiapbulan, sedangkan pasar modern berkontribusi melalui retribusi perijinan sebelummendirikan pasar modern, yakni melalui Ijin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB) dan IjinGangguan (HO). Namun karena dalam perijinannya pengusaha pasar modernmenggunakan nama pribadi dan tidak menggunakan nama USAhanya, sehingga tidakdiketahui besarnya kontribusi yang berasal dari pasar modern. Hal ini belum bisa diatasioleh Pemerintah Kota Semarang karena tidak ada Perda yang mengatur pasar modern.Pemerintah Kota Semarang sebagai instansi resmi yang berwenang mengaturpasar di Wilayahnya harus segera mengesahkan peraturan daerah tentang pengelolaanpasar modern agar keberadaannya tidak mengganggu pertumbuhan pasar tradisionalsehingga kedua pasar ini dapat berkembang tanpa ada salah satu yang merasa dirugikan

Bowel dysfunction after transposition of intestinal segments into the urinary tract : 8-year prospective cohort study

Purpose Bowel function may be disturbed after intestinal segments are transposed into the urinary tract to reconstruct or replace the bladder. In 1997, our group were the first to report major bowel dysfunction in a cohort of such patients: up to 42% of those who were asymptomatic preoperatively describing new bowel symptoms postoperatively including explosive diarrhoea, nocturnal diarrhoea, faecal urgency, faecal incontinence and flatus leakage . We now describe bowel symptoms in this same cohort eight years later (2005). Materials and Methods 116 patients were evaluable. Of the remaining 37 from the original report: 30 had died, five no longer wished to be involved, and two could not be traced. Patients were asked to complete postal questionnaires identical to those used in the first follow-up, assessing the severity of bowel symptoms and quality of life using two validated instruments. Responses were compared with those from the original study. The Nottingham Health Profile quality of life scores were also compared to age and sex matched norms. Results 96 (83%) completed eight-year follow-up questionnaires: 43 after ileal conduit diversion (Group 1), 17 after clam enterocystoplasty for overactive bladder (Group 2), 18 after reconstructed bladder for neurogenic bladder dysfunction (Group 3), and 18 with bladder replacement for non-neurogenic causes (Group 4). High prevalence rates of bowel symptoms persisted with no statistically significant differences between the two time points. Of those with symptoms in 2005, around 50% had reported similar symptoms in 1997. Clam enterocystoplasty patients (Group 2) still reported the highest prevalence (59%) of troublesome diarrhoea with one in two on regular anti-diarrhoeal medication. They also had high rates of faecal incontinence (47%), faecal urgency (41%) and nocturnal bowel movement (18%); with high proportions reporting a moderate or severe adverse effect on work (36%), social life (50%) and sex life (43%). High rates were also reported by neurogenic bladder dysfunction patients, including 50% with troublesome diarrhoea. This symptom was reported by 19% after ileal conduit and by 17% after bladder replacement for non-neurogenic causes. The impact of bowel symptoms on every-day activities and quality of life persisted, remaining most severe after clam enterocystoplasty, with 24% regretting undergoing the procedure because of subsequent bowel symptoms. Conclusions: After more than eight years, operations involving transposition of intestinal segments continue to be associated with high rates of bowel symptoms, which impact on everyday activities. These are particularly troublesome following enterocystoplasty for overactive bladder and bladder reconstruction for neurogenic bladder dysfunction. These risks should influence patient selection and potential patients should be warned prior to surgery

Bowel dysfunction after transposition of intestinal segments into the urinary tract : 8-year prospective cohort study

Purpose Bowel function may be disturbed after intestinal segments are transposed into the urinary tract to reconstruct or replace the bladder. In 1997, our group were the first to report major bowel dysfunction in a cohort of such patients: up to 42% of those who were asymptomatic preoperatively describing new bowel symptoms postoperatively including explosive diarrhoea, nocturnal diarrhoea, faecal urgency, faecal incontinence and flatus leakage . We now describe bowel symptoms in this same cohort eight years later (2005). Materials and Methods 116 patients were evaluable. Of the remaining 37 from the original report: 30 had died, five no longer wished to be involved, and two could not be traced. Patients were asked to complete postal questionnaires identical to those used in the first follow-up, assessing the severity of bowel symptoms and quality of life using two validated instruments. Responses were compared with those from the original study. The Nottingham Health Profile quality of life scores were also compared to age and sex matched norms. Results 96 (83%) completed eight-year follow-up questionnaires: 43 after ileal conduit diversion (Group 1), 17 after clam enterocystoplasty for overactive bladder (Group 2), 18 after reconstructed bladder for neurogenic bladder dysfunction (Group 3), and 18 with bladder replacement for non-neurogenic causes (Group 4). High prevalence rates of bowel symptoms persisted with no statistically significant differences between the two time points. Of those with symptoms in 2005, around 50% had reported similar symptoms in 1997. Clam enterocystoplasty patients (Group 2) still reported the highest prevalence (59%) of troublesome diarrhoea with one in two on regular anti-diarrhoeal medication. They also had high rates of faecal incontinence (47%), faecal urgency (41%) and nocturnal bowel movement (18%); with high proportions reporting a moderate or severe adverse effect on work (36%), social life (50%) and sex life (43%). High rates were also reported by neurogenic bladder dysfunction patients, including 50% with troublesome diarrhoea. This symptom was reported by 19% after ileal conduit and by 17% after bladder replacement for non-neurogenic causes. The impact of bowel symptoms on every-day activities and quality of life persisted, remaining most severe after clam enterocystoplasty, with 24% regretting undergoing the procedure because of subsequent bowel symptoms. Conclusions: After more than eight years, operations involving transposition of intestinal segments continue to be associated with high rates of bowel symptoms, which impact on everyday activities. These are particularly troublesome following enterocystoplasty for overactive bladder and bladder reconstruction for neurogenic bladder dysfunction. These risks should influence patient selection and potential patients should be warned prior to surgery