Quasideterminants

The determinant is a main organizing tool in commutative linear algebra. In this review we present a theory of the quasideterminants defined for matrices over a division algebra. We believe that the notion of quasideterminants should be one of main organizing tools in noncommutative algebra giving them the same role determinants play in commutative algebra.Comment: amstex; final version; to appear in Advances in Mat

The twistor geometry of three-qubit entanglement

A geometrical description of three qubit entanglement is given. A part of the transformations corresponding to stochastic local operations and classical communication on the qubits is regarded as a gauge degree of freedom. Entangled states can be represented by the points of the Klein quadric ${\cal Q}$ a space known from twistor theory. It is shown that three-qubit invariants are vanishing on special subspaces of ${\cal Q}$. An invariant vanishing for the $GHZ$ class is proposed. A geometric interpretation of the canonical decomposition and the inequality for distributed entanglement is also given.Comment: 4 pages RevTeX

Nazi War Criminals in the United States: It\u27s Never Too Late For Justice

While this note focuses on Nazi war criminals living in the United States, it calls for international cooperation in prosecuting war criminals. It traces the history of post-war agreements relating to the prosecution of Nazi war criminals, and their application at the Nuremberg Trials. This note then examines how Nazi war criminals entered the United States following World War II, and how they have lived here for four decades virtually unnoticed. Additionally, this note analyzes the recent efforts of the Office of Special Investigations (OSI), a branch of the Department of Justice, to prosecute Nazi war criminals living in the United States. Finally, this note argues that justice is best served through a rebirth of the spirit embodied in the Moscow Declaration and London Agreement and calls for the reestablishment of an international tribunal with criminal jurisdiction over international war criminals. Additionally, the recent Artukovic and Demjanjuk extraditions should stand as strong precedent, and signal an invitation to countries with criminal jurisdiction over Nazi war criminals to make similar extradition requests

Spin-wave excitation spectra and spectral weights in square lattice antiferromagnets

Using a recently developed method for calculating series expansions of the excitation spectra of quantum lattice models, we obtain the spin-wave spectra for square lattice, $S=1/2$ Heisenberg-Ising antiferromagnets. The calculated spin-wave spectrum for the Heisenberg model is close to but noticeably different from a uniformly renormalized classical (large-$S$) spectrum with the renormalization for the spin-wave velocity of approximately $1.18$. The relative weights of the single-magnon and multi-magnon contributions to neutron scattering spectra are obtained for wavevectors throughout the Brillouin zone.Comment: Two postscript figures, 4 two-column page

Convergent expansions for properties of the Heisenberg model for CaV4_4O9_9

We have carried out a wide range of calculations for the $S=1/2$ Heisenberg model with nearest- and second-neighbor interactions on a two-dimensional lattice which describes the geometry of the vanadium ions in the spin-gap system CaV$_4$O$_9$. The methods used were convergent high-order perturbation expansions (``Ising'' and ``Plaquette'' expansions at $T=0$, as well as high-temperature expansions) for quantities such as the uniform susceptibility, sublattice magnetization, and triplet elementary excitation spectrum. Comparison with the data for CaV$_4$O$_9$ indicates that its magnetic properties are well described by nearest-neighbor exchange of about 200K in conjunction with second-neighbor exchange of about 100K.Comment: Uses REVTEX macros. Four pages in two-column format, five postscript figures. Files packaged using uufile

Noncommutative symmetric functions and Laplace operators for classical Lie algebras

New systems of Laplace (Casimir) operators for the orthogonal and symplectic Lie algebras are constructed. The operators are expressed in terms of paths in graphs related to matrices formed by the generators of these Lie algebras with the use of some properties of the noncommutative symmetric functions associated with a matrix. The decomposition of the Sklyanin determinant into a product of quasi-determinants play the main role in the construction. Analogous decomposition for the quantum determinant provides an alternative proof of the known construction for the Lie algebra gl(N).Comment: 25 page

Ground State and Elementary Excitations of the S=1 Kagome Heisenberg Antiferromagnet

Low energy spectrum of the S=1 kagom\'e Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHAF) is studied by means of exact diagonalization and the cluster expansion. The magnitude of the energy gap of the magnetic excitation is consistent with the recent experimental observation for \mpynn. In contrast to the $S=1/2$ KHAF, the non-magnetic excitations have finite energy gap comparable to the magnetic excitation. As a physical picture of the ground state, the hexagon singlet solid state is proposed and verified by variational analysis.Comment: 5 pages, 7 eps figures, 2 tables, Fig. 4 correcte