Cultivating epizoic diatoms provides insights into the evolution and ecology of both epibionts and hosts

11 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19064-0.-- Data availability: DNA sequence data generated for this study are published on the NCBI GenBank online sequence depository under the accession numbers listed in Table S1. Additional micrographs and cleaned voucher material from the sequenced cultures are available from lead author MPAOur understanding of the importance of microbiomes on large aquatic animals—such as whales, sea turtles and manatees—has advanced considerably in recent years. The latest observations indicate that epibiotic diatom communities constitute diverse, polyphyletic, and compositionally stable assemblages that include both putatively obligate epizoic and generalist species. Here, we outline a successful approach to culture putatively obligate epizoic diatoms without their hosts. That some taxa can be cultured independently from their epizoic habitat raises several questions about the nature of the interaction between these animals and their epibionts. This insight allows us to propose further applications and research avenues in this growing area of study. Analyzing the DNA sequences of these cultured strains, we found that several unique diatom taxa have evolved independently to occupy epibiotic habitats. We created a library of reference sequence data for use in metabarcoding surveys of sea turtle and manatee microbiomes that will further facilitate the use of environmental DNA for studying host specificity in epizoic diatoms and the utility of diatoms as indicators of host ecology and health. We encourage the interdisciplinary community working with marine megafauna to consider including diatom sampling and diatom analysis into their routine practicesFinancial support for sequencing and SEM comes from the Jane and the Roland Blumberg Centennial Professorship in Molecular Evolution at UT Austin and the US Department of Defense (grant number W911NF-17-2-0091). Sampling in South Africa was done with partial financial support from The Systematics Association (UK) through the Systematics Research Fund Award granted to RM (2017 and 2020). Work in the Adriatic Sea was supported by Croatian Science Foundation, project UIP-05-2017-5635 (TurtleBIOME). KF has been fully supported by the “Young researchers' career development project – training of doctoral students” of the CSF funded by the EU from the European Social Fund. NJR was funded by the Spanish government (AEI) through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)Peer reviewe

Impression cytology implicates cell autophagy in aqueous deficiency dry eye

Tony Lin,1,2,* Richard Filek,3,* Joy M Wang,4 Chong H Wu,4 Hong Liu,2 Cindy ML Hutnik1–3 1Department of Ophthalmology, Western University, 2Ivey Eye Institute, St Joseph’s Health Care, St Joseph’s Hospital, 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 4Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: Impression cytology in combination with a cell autophagy marker was used to demonstrate the utility of a novel frozen section technique, to assess the health of the ocular surface, as well as to correlate autophagic cell death with the commonly used clinical tests for dry eye. Methods: Female patients over the age of 18 years who attended an outpatient ophthalmology clinic were invited to participate. Schirmer’s test, tear film break-up time and the ocular surface disease index questionnaire were used as objective and subjective clinical tests for dry eye. The cellular biomarker microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) was used as a marker of autophagic cell death. Results: Low LC3 nuclear staining was positively correlated with Schirmer’s test <10 mm. No correlation was found between other clinical tests for dry eye. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a positive linear relationship between Schirmer’s testing and LC3. There is a lack of correlation between the commonly used diagnostics tests for dry eye, highlighting our incomplete understanding and assessment of dry eye. Keywords: impression cytology, cell autophagy, dry eye, technique, Schirmer’s test, LC

Statistic indices of work quality evaluation of refrigerator DV-290

W artykule, na podstawie analizy statystycznej przedstawiono wskaźniki jakości pracy górniczej chłodziarki powietrza DV-290 z wyparną chłodnicą wody RK-450. Wskaźniki jakości chłodzenia zostały wyznaczone za pomocą analizy regresji wielorakiej na podstawie rozwiązań równań opisujących rzeczywiste procesy zachodzące w chłodziarkach bezpośredniego działania współpracujących z wyparnymi chłodnicami wody. Otrzymane funkcje regresji wielorakiej opisujące moc cieplną parownika, dla dwóch wariantów różniących się liczbą zmiennych niezależnych, są słuszne w zakresie zalecanych przez producenta parametrów pracy. Porównanie między sobą zaproponowanych modeli statystycznych pozwala wybrać najdogodniejszy do praktycznego zastosowania przez służby kopalniane. Umożliwi on określenie sposobu likwidacji czynników powodujących obniżenie skuteczności chłodzenia powietrza.In this article, on the basis of statistical analysis, quality indicators of work of air refrigerator DV-290 with evaporative water cooler RK-450 were shown. The quality indicators were designated from the analysis of multiple regression. That calculations based on equations which describe the actual processes taking place in direct action refrigerators cooperating with evaporative water coolers by using multiple regression analysis. Received multiple regression functions, which describe the evaporator thermal power for the two variants with different number of independent variables, are right in the performance of air coolers. Comparison of the proposed statistical models can identify the most practical for using by the mining service. It will allow to choose the liquidation of any discrepancies, which decide about reducing the effectiveness of air cooling