832 research outputs found
Implications of post-pneumonectomy compensatory lung growth in pulmonary physiology and disease
In a number of species, partial pneumonectomy initiates hormonally regulated compensatory growth of the remaining lung lobes that restores normal mass, structure and function. Compensation is qualitatively similar across species, but differs with gender, age and hormonal status. Although the biology of response is best characterized in rats, dogs have proven valuable in defining post-operative physiological adaptations. Most recently, mice were recognized to offer unique opportunities to explore the genetic basis of the response, as well as to evaluate associated detrimental effects of pathophysiological significance in animals exposed to carcinogens. The pneumonectomy model thus offers powerful insight concerning adaptive organ growth
Quantum Magnetism with Polar Alkali Dimers
We show that dipolar interactions between ultracold polar alkali dimers in
optical lattices can be used to realize a highly tunable generalization of the
t-J model, which we refer to as the t-J-V-W model. The model features
long-range spin-spin interactions J_z and J_perp of XXZ type, long-range
density-density interaction V, and long-range density-spin interaction W, all
of which can be controlled in both magnitude and sign independently of each
other and of the tunneling t. The "spin" is encoded in the rotational degree of
freedom of the molecules, while the interactions are controlled by applied
static electric and continuous-wave microwave fields. Furthermore, we show that
nuclear spins of the molecules can be used to implement an additional (orbital)
degree of freedom that is coupled to the original rotational degree of freedom
in a tunable way. The presented system is expected to exhibit exotic physics
and to provide insights into strongly correlated phenomena in condensed matter
systems. Realistic experimental imperfections are discussed.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure
Family Members\u27 Influence on Family Meal Vegetable Choices
Objective—Characterize the process of family vegetable selection (especially cruciferous, deep orange, and dark green leafy vegetables); demonstrate the usefulness of Exchange Theory (how family norms and past experiences interact with rewards and costs) for interpreting the data.
Design—Eight focus groups, two with each segment (men/women vegetable-likers/dislikers based on a screening form). Participants completed a vegetable intake form.
Setting—Rural Appalachian Pennsylvania.
Participants—61 low-income, married/cohabiting men (n=28) and women (n=33).
Analysis—Thematic analysis within Exchange Theory framework for qualitative data. Descriptive analysis, t-tests and chi-square tests for quantitative data.
Results—Exchange Theory proved useful for understanding that regardless of sex or vegetable liker/ disliker status, meal preparers see more costs than rewards to serving vegetables. Past experience plus expectations of food preparer role and of deference to family member preferences supported a family norm of serving only vegetables acceptable to everyone. Emphasized vegetables are largely ignored due to unfamiliarity; family norms prevented experimentation and learning through exposure.
Conclusions and Implications—Interventions to increase vegetable consumption of this audience could 1) alter family norms about vegetables served, 2) change perceptions of past experiences, 3) reduce social and personal costs of serving vegetables and 4) increase tangible and social rewards of serving vegetables
Possible Stratification Mechanism in Granular Mixtures
We propose a mechanism to explain what occurs when a mixture of grains of
different sizes and different shapes (i.e. different repose angles) is poured
into a quasi-two-dimensional cell. Specifically, we develop a model that
displays spontaneous stratification of the large and small grains in
alternating layers. We find that the key requirement for stratification is a
difference in the repose angles of the two pure species, a prediction confirmed
by experimental findings. We also identify a kink mechanism that appears to
describe essential aspects of the dynamics of stratification.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, http://polymer.bu.edu/~hmakse/Home.htm
Reduction of fecal coliform levels in two created wetlands at the Olentangy River Wetland Research Park
The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history
On the Applicability of Weak-Coupling Results in High Density QCD
Quark matter at asymptotically high baryon chemical potential is in a color
superconducting state characterized by a gap Delta. We demonstrate that
although present weak-coupling calculations of Delta are formally correct for
mu -> Infinity, the contributions which have to this point been neglected are
large enough that present results can only be trusted for mu >> mu_c ~ 10^8
MeV. We make this argument by using the gauge dependence of the present
calculation as a diagnostic tool. It is known that the present calculation
yields a gauge invariant result for mu -> Infinity; we show, however, that the
gauge dependence of this result only begins to decrease for mu > mu_c, and
conclude that the result can certainly not be trusted for mu < mu_c. In an
appendix, we set up the calculation of the influence of the Meissner effect on
the magnitude of the gap. This contribution to Delta is, however, much smaller
than the neglected contributions whose absence we detect via the resulting
gauge dependence.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures, uses LaTeX2e and ReVTeX, updated figures, made
minor text change
Opening the Crystalline Color Superconductivity Window
Cold dense quark matter is in a crystalline color superconducting phase
wherever pairing occurs between species of quarks with chemical potentials
whose difference \delta\mu lies within an appropriate window. If the
interaction between quarks is modeled as point-like, this window is rather
narrow. We show that when the interaction between quarks is modeled as
single-gluon exchange, the window widens by about a factor of ten at accessible
densities and by much larger factors at higher density. This striking
enhancement reflects the increasingly (1+1)-dimensional nature of the physics
at weaker and weaker coupling. Our results indicate that crystalline color
superconductivity is a generic feature of the phase diagram of cold dense quark
matter, occurring wherever one finds quark matter which is not in the
color-flavor locked phase. If it occurs within the cores of compact stars, a
crystalline color superconducting region may provide a new locus for glitch
phenomena.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure
Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tanezumab in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis
Background/objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) tanezumab administration in osteoarthritis (OA) patients.
Materials and methods: Study 1027 (NCT01089725), a placebo-controlled trial, evaluated the efficacy of SC tanezumab (ie, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg) and the therapeutic equivalence of 10 mg tanezumab given subcutaneously versus intravenously every 8 weeks in the symptomatic treatment of OA. Coprimary endpoints were: change from baseline in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) Pain and Physical Function indices, and Patient\u27s Global Assessment (PGA) of OA. Study 1043 (NCT00994890) was a long-term, noncontrolled safety study of tanezumab (ie, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg) subcutaneously administered every 8 weeks. Both studies were discontinued prematurely due to a US Food and Drug Administration partial clinical hold.
Results: Due to the clinical hold, Study 1027 was underpowered, and no statistical analyses were performed. Mean (standard error [SE]) change from baseline to week 8 in WOMAC Pain in tanezumab groups ranged from -3.59 (0.26) to -3.89 (0.32), versus -2.74 (0.25) with placebo. Mean (SE) change from baseline to week 8 in WOMAC Physical Function ranged from -3.13 (0.25) to -3.51 (0.28) with tanezumab and was -2.26 (0.24) with placebo. PGA mean (SE) change from baseline to week 8 ranged from -0.90 (0.11) to -1.08 (0.12) with tanezumab and was -0.78 (0.10) with placebo. Similar effectiveness was associated with tanezumab in Study 1043. Few patients in either study (1.4%-5.2%) discontinued due to adverse events. Five patients required total joint replacements in Study 1027 (placebo, n=2 [2.8%]; tanezumab 2.5 mg, n=3 [4.1%]) and 34 patients in Study 1043 (tanezumab 2.5 mg, n=11 [4.8%]; tanezumab 5 mg, n=8 [3.6%]; tanezumab 10 mg, n=15 [6.6%]).
Conclusion: Preliminary results show similar efficacy and safety for both SC and IV administration of tanezumab based on the direct comparisons reported here and indirect comparisons with published results, confirming pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling predictions
- …