A REVIEW ON NATURAL COMPOSITES

Natural fibers have attracted the interest to engineers, researchers, professionals and scientists all over the world as an alternative reinforcement, because of its superior properties such as high specific strength, low weight, low cost, fairly good mechanical properties, non abrasive, eco-friendly and bio-degradable characteristics. A brief review has been carried out to make use of the natural fibers (such as abaca, jute, cotton, coir, Glass fiber etc) abundantly available in India. This paper presents a review on the mechanical properties of Abaca, Jute, Glass fibre

DESIGN OF THREE FINGER GRIPPER WITH FSR

Technological advancement is widening up by the advent of new inventions. Robots are going to be an integral part of the completely automated industries. There are many instances where profile detection. In this paper, discussed about the three finger gripper has the abilities with this dexterous electric gripper. Three fingers gripper is extreme changeability and fixable gripping control. Its finger has several positions of geometrics and dimensions. Its specific control of crossing point allows orthodox forward motion on the finger location, rapidity and force. These fingers design in CREO 3.0 software and produced by RPT. Fingers are evaluated to check if the finger is flexible motion. The force is measured by a force sensitive resister (FSR). A force sensor is measure a grasping object whose confrontation difference between before and after force is applied. The Arduino mega controller is used for controlling the servo motor and FSR in gripping motion. This servo motor is 180Ëšrotation angle, Control loop response mechanism is extensively used for accurate control. The Controlled gripper finger is sensed and gripped with force which is being analyzed in the data

Enzyme production from food wastes using a biorefinery concept

According to Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), one-third of food produced globally for human consumption (nearly 1.3 billion tonnes) is lost along the food supply chain. In many countries food waste is currently landfilled or incinerated together with other combustible municipal wastes for possible recovery of energy. However, these two options are facing more and more economic and environmental stresses. Due to its organic- and nutrient-rich nature, theoretically food waste can be converted to valuable products (e.g. bio-products such as methane, hydrogen, ethanol, enzymes, organic acids, chemicals and fuels) through various fermentation processes. Such conversion of food waste is potentially more profitable than its conversion to animal feed or transportation fuel. Food waste valorisation has therefore gained interest, with value added bio-products such as methane, hydrogen, ethanol, enzymes, organic acids, chemicals, and fuels. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide information on the food waste situation with emphasis on Asia–Pacific countries and the state of the art food waste processing technologies to produce enzymes

Influence of Organics, Boron and Silicon Nutrition on the Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Groundnut in Coastal Saline Soil

The most common cause of coastal salt-affected soils is boron deficiency. In certain places, there are also deficiencies in zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. In numerous enzymatic processes related to groundnut growth, production, and quality, boron is crucial. It is now known that the main cause of the low groundnut production in coastal locations is a nutritional shortage. A helpful or quasi-element that can reduce salinity stress, improve boron availability, and increase the amount of available beneficial cations is silicon. Therefore, it becomes essential to include silicon as a beneficial nutrient and boron as a micronutrient in the fertilization program in order to increase groundnut output in salinized conditions. Further, the poor nutrient retention and leaching of applied nutrients necessitates the application of increased rate of nutrients and bulky organic manures. The field experiment was carried out in a farmer’s field during December - March, 2022 at Singarakuppam coastal village, near Chidambaram in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. The experimental soil was sandy in texture and taxonomically classified as Typic Ustipsamments with pH – 8.25, EC– 4.11 dSm-1 and represented low status of organic carbon (2.36 g kg-1). Regarding available nutrient status, it was low in alkaline KMnO4-N (139.91 kg ha-1), low in Olsen-P (9.48 kg ha-1) and medium in NH4OAc-K (165.67 kg ha-1).The available B and Si content were 0.24 and 32.46 mg kg-1, respectively. The results of the study clearly indicated that the treatment (T12), which received combined application of borohumate at 1.5 kg B ha-1 + diatomaceous earth at 60 kg Si ha-1 through soil application along with foliar application of borohumate at 0.5% + silixol plus at 1.0% twice at pre - flowering stage (PFS) and at flowering stage (FS) + recommended dose of NPK and composted coirpith (CCP)at 12.5 t ha-1 recorded the highest growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake by groundnut

Oscillation and Asymptotic Properties of Differential Equations of Third-Order

The main purpose of this study is aimed at developing new criteria of the iterative nature to test the asymptotic and oscillation of nonlinear neutral delay differential equations of third order with noncanonical operator (a(ι)[(b(ι)x(ι)+p(ι)x(ι−τ)′)′]β)′+∫cdq(ι,μ)xβ(σ(ι,μ))dμ=0, where ι≥ι0 and w(ι):=x(ι)+p(ι)x(ι−τ). New oscillation results are established by using the generalized Riccati technique under the assumption of ∫ι0ιa−1/β(s)ds<∫ι0ι1b(s)ds=∞asι→∞. Our new results complement the related contributions to the subject. An example is given to prove the significance of new theorem

Biofortification of Zinc and Iron through Fortified Organics Along with NPK Levels on the Quality, Nutrient Uptake and Productivity of Brinjal in Coastal Saline Soil

To evaluate the response of zinc and iron fortified organic manure along with NPK levels on nutrient content, uptake and productivity of brinjal in coastal saline soil, a field experiment was conducted in farmer’s field at Ponnanthittu coastal village, near Chidambaram, Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu with brinjal var. Annamalai during August – December 2022. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with four levels of NPK (0, 100, 125, 150%) and three levels of micronutrients (Zn and Fe) fortified organics like 100% Zn Fortified Composted Coir pith (ZnFCCP), 100% Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (FeFCCP) and 100% Zn + Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (Zn+FeFCCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 , respectively). The result showed that individual and combined application of 150 % of NPK along with 100% Zn + Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (Zn+FeFCCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 excelled over other treatments and recorded higher values on growth (plant height, number of branches plant-1, Dry matter production), yield (fruit and stover), nutrient content and uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc) of brinjal in coastal saline soil

Effect of Boron Fertilization and Boron Enriched Organic Manures on Yield Boron Use Efficiency and Nutrient Uptake by Tomato in Coastal Soil

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, playing a pivotal role in various physiological processes within the plant. In tomato cultivation, maintaining adequate boron levels is crucial for achieving optimal yield and quality. However, due to factors such as soil type, environmental conditions, and plant genetics, boron deficiency or inefficient utilization often poses challenges for growers, leading to reduced productivity and economic losses in coastal regions of Tamilnadu. This study investigates the effect of boron fertilization and boron enriched organic manures on yield boron use efficiency and nutrient uptake by tomato in coastal soil. A field experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Varagurpettai coastal village, near Chidambaram in Cuddalore district of Tamilnadu, during July-November, 2022 using tomato variety NTH-777 as test crop. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture and taxonomically classified as Typic Ustifluvent with pH-8.39, EC-4.07 dSm-1 and analysed low status of organic carbon (2.47 g kg-1). The soil analysed low in alkaline KMnO4–N (145.71 kg ha-1) and Olsen-P (10.57 kg ha-1) and medium in NH4OAc-K (157.42 kg ha-1). The available hot water soluble B content (0.27 mg kg-1) was also low in soil. The various treatments imposed in the study included T1–Control (RDF alone/100% NPK), T2–RDF + Composted coirpith (CCP) @ 12.5 t ha-1, T3–RDF + CCP + Borax (B) @ 10 kg ha-1 through soil application (SA), T4–RDF + CCP + Borax (B) through foliar application (FA) @ 0.5% twice @ pre flowering stage (PFS) and flowering stage (FS),  T5–RDF +CCP + Borax (SA) + (FA), T6–RDF + CCP + Borohumate (BH) @ 15 kg ha-1 soil application (SA), T7 –RDF + CCP + Borohumate (FA), T8–RDF + CCP + Borohumate (SA) + FA, T9–RDF + Borax Enriched Composted coirpith (BECCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 (SA), T10–RDF + Borohumate Enriched Composted coirpith (BHECCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 (SA), T11–RDF + BECCP (SA) + Borax (FA) and T12–RDF + BHECCP (SA) + Borohumate (FA). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The results of the field experiment clearly indicated that integrated application of NPK fertilizer along with B enriched organic manures + biofertilizer and foliar spray of borohumate (BH) positively increased the growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake by tomato. This treatment recorded the highest agronomic efficiency (4.10 t kg-1), agro physiological efficiency (20.45 t kg-1), apparent recovery efficiency (43.45%), physiological efficiency (14.30 t kg-1) and boron use efficiency (410.34). This research contributes to the development of boron utilization dynamics and this study paves the way for future advancements in nutrient management strategies tailored to maximize yield and quality in tomato production systems

A Study on Trace Metal Pollution in the Gadilam River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India

To understand the variation of trace metals such as Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Bromide(Br), Iodide (I) and Aluminium (Al) in the study area after the monsoon period, samples were collected and analyzed. The concentration levels of different parameters have been compared with the WHO (1993) standard. Interpretation of data shows that some trace metals such as Al, Ni and Pb exceed the acceptable limit of WHO (1993) standard

Geophysical investigation in the different litho units of Gadilam River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India

Resistivity survey was conducted in 20 locations to cover different lithologies in the study area. Three major zones were delineated as weathered, fractured and massive in hard rock region and top soil, sandy layer and clayey layer in sedimentary region. Interpreted mastercurves are mostly three-layered curves, namely A type followed by H, K and Q type. This study helps us to identify the weathered zone in the hard rock and contaminated zone by anthropogenic impact in the downstream of river Gadilam