The open range system of pig farming

THERE are several satisfactory systems which can be employed in planning a piggery, but under West Australian conditions, the paddock system has much to commend it. Grazing admits an animal to the healthy influences of sunlight and stimulates exercise. The digestive processes of the pig are also stimulated and this helps to bring about more efficient utilisation of the feed

Thirsty cows are poor milkers

THE HOT summer weather is not far away, and now is a good time for the whole milk producer to attend to those points which will ensure that milk production is maintained at a high level during this period

The feeding of pigs in the wheatbelt

ONE of the biggest costs in pig-meat production is feeding, and it is of vital importance for the farmer to understand what presents a balanced and economic ration, in order that he can take steps to achieve maximum efficiency

Power, Threat, Meaning Framework informed audit: the ubiquitous experience of trauma in adults with psychosis

In the context of the Power, Threat, Meaning Framework and trauma-informed care, this audit attempted to identify experiences of trauma and adversity for clients on the caseload of an NHS community psychosis team. Histories of trauma were found for every client. The number of trauma experiences ranged from 1–9, giving a mean of 2.7 per client. This confirms clients with psychosis as a highly traumatised group and supports the trauma model of psychosis

Conflict in Russian Genitive Plural Assignment: a Solution Represented in DATR

Inflectional endings are assigned in languages by general principles, but these can come into conflict. We address the question of how such conflict is resolved. A particularly complex example is the Russian genitive plural, where we find that with soft-stem nouns there is a conflict between exponent assignment according to declension class and a default exponent assignment for soft-stem nouns. What is specially interesting is that the conflict here can be resolved by reference to subsystems over and above the paradigm, such as stress. We present an explicit account of the conflict and its mediation by basing our study on default inheritance. For this purpose we make use of the lexical knowledge representation language DATR. This allows us to demonstrate in the output provided that the correct forms are indeed predicted by our theory

Baconer carcase competitions

TO further the implementation of its policy to foster the production of high quality bacon, the Australian Meat Board in 1960 again conducted for pig growers in Western Australia, its annual Baconer Carcase Competition

Predicting Relaxation in Strained Epitaxial Layers

Strained epitaxial semiconductor layers, much thicker than the critical thickness, have been used as strain-relief buffer layers for many years. The most successful structure developed so far dates back to the 1960\u27s, and consists of a very thick ( ~30 μm) layer in which the misfit is gradually and continuously increased. These structures relax completely and have a sufficiently low threading dislocation density to allow a device structure to be grown on top. This process requires a very high growth rate to produce the buffer layer in a reasonable time, which is only provided by hydride vapourphase epitaxy. Recently, there has been interest in developing thinner structures using both graded and constant composition buffer layers, which, if successful, would resolve this problem. Here, we consider the mechanisms of strain relaxation, paying special attention to the changes in threading dislocation density and surface roughness that occur during misfit relief. An extensive series of experiments shows that the relaxation of constant composition layers, although not following current theoretical models, does appear to follow a simple empirical law. This result suggests an approach which can be used to predict the state of strain in any epitaxial structure, allowing more efficient strain-relief buffer layers to be designed

Some problems in stochastic models for epidemics

With the exception of the final chapter, this thesis is concerned with the general epidemic model and some simple extensions of it. The main concern is with the stochastic case and the deterministic model is only of interest when it is useful in constructing approximations to the stochastic model or in providing insights into its behaviour

Computation of Forced Premixed Flames Dynamics

Bluff body stabilised turbulent premixed flames subject to inlet velocity oscillation over a wide range of forcing frequency and amplitude are simulated using a flamelet-based combustion model. Two sets of detailed chemical kinetic schemes are used to model combustion chemistry. It is observed that the computed dynamics of forced flames agree reasonably well with experimental measurements. The flame elongation and shortening at a frequency of 40 Hz and strong flame-vortex interaction at a higher frequency of 160 Hz are captured well in the computations. The global flame describing function extracted from the computational results shows a linear response at 40 Hz and a nonlinear behaviour at 160 Hz as observed in the experiments. The nonlinear response is due to vortex roll-up and its subsequent shedding. The quantitative agreement of the computed flame describing function (FDF) with experimental measurement is uniformly good over a wide range of forcing frequency and amplitude. Some influence of chemical kinetics on the FDFs is observed, which mainly stems from the difference in laminar burning velocity and spatial heat release rate distribution.The support of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Takasago, Japan is acknowledged gratefully.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2016.117411

Evaporation-driven convective flows in suspensions of non-motile bacteria

We report a novel form of convection in suspensions of the bioluminescent marine bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum. Suspensions of these bacteria placed in a chamber open to the air create persistent luminescent plumes most easily visible when observed in the dark. These flows are strikingly similar to the classical bioconvection pattern of aerotactic swimming bacteria, which create an unstable stratification by swimming upwards to an air-water interface, but they are a puzzle since the strain of P. phosphoreum used does not express flagella and therefore cannot swim. When microspheres were used instead of bacteria, similar flow patterns were observed, suggesting that the convective motion was not driven by bacteria but instead by the accumulation of salt at the air-water interface due to evaporation of the culture medium. Even at room temperature and humidity, and physiologically relevant salt concentrations, the water evaporation was found to be sufficient to drive convection patterns. To prove this hypothesis, experiments were complemented with a mathematical model that aimed to understand the mechanism of plume formation and the role of salt in triggering the instability. The simplified system of evaporating salty water was first studied using linear stability analysis, and then with finite element simulations. A comparison between these three approaches is presented. While evaporation-driven convection has not been discussed extensively in the context of biological systems, these results suggest that the phenomenon may be broadly relevant, particularly in those systems involving microorganisms of limited motility