The triglyceride fatty acids from heart lipids of Puntius sarana and their variation with different sizes

The triglyceride fatty acid components from the heart lipid of Puntius sarana of different sizes have been characterized by thin-layer and gas liquid chromatography. Csub(10) to Csub(24) acids including both odd-numbered and branched chain acids were detected. The major constituents were ante-iso Csub(10), Csub(10), Csub(12:2), Csub(14), Csub(16), Csub(16:1),Csub(17), Csub(18) , Csub(18:1), Csub(18:2), Csub(18:3) and Csub(20:4) while twenty other acids were detected in lower proportion. The composition of these acids and their variation with size of fish have been investigated and discussed

Eccentric lamellar keratolimbal grafts harvested with a manually guided microkeratome

Background: To perform lamellar keratolimbal allograft transplantation in a one- step procedure with a single graft, we investigated the feasibility of harvesting eccentric lamellar keratolimbal grafts from conventionally processed corneoscleral buttons using a manually guided microkeratome in conjunction with an artificial anterior chamber system. Methods: We used the Moria LSK- One microkeratome and the automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty ( ALTK) system ( Antony, France). Ten human donor eyes were used to obtain single- piece lamellar keratolimbal grafts. Specimens were processed for light and electron microscopy. Results: Eccentric keratolimbal grafts could be obtained from all human donor buttons. Grafts include a crescent- shaped limbal and a large corneal portion. No visible damage to the limbal region was discernible. Conclusion: Our data show that the LSK- One microkeratome in conjunction with the ALTK system allows harvesting eccentric keratolimbal grafts from donor corneoscleral buttons. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel

3D microfabricated scaffolds and microfluidic devices for ocular surface replacement: a review

In recent years, there has been increased research interest in generating corneal substitutes, either for use in the clinic or as in vitro corneal models. The advancement of 3D microfabrication technologies has allowed the reconstruction of the native microarchitecture that controls epithelial cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. In addition, such technology has allowed the inclusion of a dynamic fluid flow that better mimics the physiology of the native cornea. We review the latest innovative products in development in this field, from 3D microfabricated hydrogels to microfluidic devices

Transients generate memory and break hyperbolicity in stochastic enzymatic networks

The hyperbolic dependence of catalytic rate on substrate concentration is a classical result in enzyme kinetics, quantified by the celebrated Michaelis-Menten equation. The ubiquity of this relation in diverse chemical and biological contexts has recently been rationalized by a graph-theoretic analysis of deterministic reaction networks. Experiments, however, have revealed that "molecular noise" - intrinsic stochasticity at the molecular scale - leads to significant deviations from classical results and to unexpected effects like "molecular memory", i.e., the breakdown of statistical independence between turnover events. Here we show, through a new method of analysis, that memory and non-hyperbolicity have a common source in an initial, and observably long, transient peculiar to stochastic reaction networks of multiple enzymes. Networks of single enzymes do not admit such transients. The transient yields, asymptotically, to a steady-state in which memory vanishes and hyperbolicity is recovered. We propose new statistical measures, defined in terms of turnover times, to distinguish between the transient and steady states and apply these to experimental data from a landmark experiment that first observed molecular memory in a single enzyme with multiple binding sites. Our study shows that catalysis at the molecular level with more than one enzyme always contains a non-classical regime and provides insight on how the classical limit is attained.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure

Formulation and evaluation of controlled release ethylcellulose and polyethylene glycol microspheres containing metoprolol tartrate.

Metoprolol tartrate is rapidly absorbed from both gastric and intestinal regions, after oral administration. To retard the release rate of the metoprolol tartrate, microspheres were prepared with varying concentrations of a mixture containing ethylcellulose and polyethylene glycol-6000. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for various physicochemical characteristics and in vitro drug release. The percent yield of microspheres was in the range of 75.2-87.3%. The particle size of microspheres was found to be in the range of 73.2-85.5 μm. Fourier transform-infrared spectral analysis and differential scanning calorimetry concluded the absence of any interaction between the drug and the carriers. The release time profile of metoprolol tartrate from microspheres in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution was to the extent of 33.4-60.2%. The complete release of metoprolol tartrate occurred from MPT-3 and MPT-4 in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) within 8 and 7 h, respectively, whereas the incomplete release (72.3%) occurred from MPT-1. Nearly, the complete release (98.5%) of metoprolol occurred from MPT-2 in 10 h. Formulation MPT-2 would be a preferred formulation. The release of metoprolol involves diffusion rate limited (R2 = 0.9865) as a mechanism from drug release. The prepared microspheres of metoprolol tartrate eliminate the need for multiple dosing and provide patient compliance

Taste acceptance in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)

Six squirrel monkeys were presented with solutions representing the four primary tastes. The solutions included various concentrations of glucose or sodium saccharine (sweet), sodium chloride (salty), citric acid (sour), and quinine sulfate or sucrose octaacetate (bitter). A 24 hr two-bottle choice technique was employed. Amount of food, water, and solution consumed every 24 hr was recorded. The results showed that the maximum intake for glucose solution was with the 5.0% concentration, although maximum caloric intake was with the 1.25% concentration where there was a potentiation of food intake. Water was preferred over sodium saccharine at three of the four concentrations which were tested, and water was preferred over or equally to the concentrations of sodium chloride and citric acid that were used. However, quinine sulfate and sucrose octaacetate were preferred over or equally to water at most of the concentrations which were tested

INDONESIAN STUDENT PERSPECTIVES ON A HUMANITY-BASED NATIONALISM

Do the Indonesian students revive the radical movements or do they have their own way in grasping nationalism in a globalized-world-perspective? How do they identify themselves as nation and how far they understand themselves the meaning of national solidarity? How effective their understanding on solidarity in the process of nation building? The aim of this study was to portray the perspectives of the Indonesian higher education students on nationalism. This study applied qualitative approach, by implementing series of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and key informant interview (KII). Forty students of three private universities located in three provinces in Indonesia participated in six series of FGDs and three political figures play role as resource persons in the KIIs. The results of the study revealed that the students had three models of nationalism, that are, nationalism under the spirit of anticolonialism, nationalism under the national interests, and nationalism under the humanity perspectives

Non-Markovian polymer reaction kinetics

Describing the kinetics of polymer reactions, such as the formation of loops and hairpins in nucleic acids or polypeptides, is complicated by the structural dynamics of their chains. Although both intramolecular reactions, such as cyclization, and intermolecular reactions have been studied extensively, both experimentally and theoretically, there is to date no exact explicit analytical treatment of transport-limited polymer reaction kinetics, even in the case of the simplest (Rouse) model of monomers connected by linear springs. We introduce a new analytical approach to calculate the mean reaction time of polymer reactions that encompasses the non-Markovian dynamics of monomer motion. This requires that the conformational statistics of the polymer at the very instant of reaction be determined, which provides, as a by-product, new information on the reaction path. We show that the typical reactive conformation of the polymer is more extended than the equilibrium conformation, which leads to reaction times significantly shorter than predicted by the existing classical Markovian theory.Comment: Main text (7 pages, 5 figures) + Supplemantary Information (13 pages, 2 figures

Editorial: Beyond borders: exploring diverse roles of heterocyclic compounds in combatting infections and cancer

This Research Topic aimed to explore the advancements and applications of heterocyclic compounds, highlighting their importance in contemporary medicinal chemistry. The objective was to examine their diverse roles in tackling two major health concerns: infectious diseases and cancer. Currently, cancer and infectious diseases are among the most prevalent and challenging health conditions, significantly affecting the overall wellbeing of the population. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 20 million new cancer cases were diagnosed globally in 2022, with 9.7 million deaths attributed to the disease. Projections suggest that by 2050, the number of cancer cases could rise to 35 million (Seigel et al., 2023). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as one of the top ten global health threats, posing significant risks not only to human health but also to environmental wellbeing. It is classified as a quintessential One Health challenge. The most concerning pathogens, characterized by multidrug resistance (MDR), extended-drug resistance, and even pan-drug resistance phenotypes, are collectively referred to by the acronym ESCAPE, encompassing Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae (De Oliveira et al., 2020). Recent developments in this area have shown the potential of heterocyclic compounds to offer more targeted and effective treatments with fewer side effects. Therefore, this Research Topic invited papers that showcased recent progress in medicinal and natural product chemistry, including the isolation and characterization, design, synthesis, and application of heterocyclic compounds as promising anti-infective and anticancer agents