Prediction of 24-hour milk yield and composition in dairy cows from a single part-day yield and sample

peer-reviewedTeagasc PublicationIrish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research | Volume 58: Issue 1 Prediction of 24-hour milk yield and composition in dairy cows from a single part-day yield and sample S. McParlandemail , B. Coughlan , B. Enright , M. O’Keeffe , R. O’Connor , L. Feeney and D.P. Berry DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijafr-2019-0007 | Published online: 09 Aug 2019 PDF Abstract Article PDF References Recommendations Abstract The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of predicting 24-hour milk yield and composition from a single morning (AM) or evening (PM) milk weight and composition. A calibration dataset of 37,481 test-day records with both AM and PM yields and composition was used to generate the prediction equations; equations were validated using 4,644 test-day records. Prediction models were developed within stage of lactation and parity while accounting for the inter-milking time interval. The mean correlation between the predicted 24-hour yields and composition of milk, fat and protein and the respective actual values was 0.97 when based on just an AM milk yield and composition with a mean correlation of 0.95 when based on just a PM milk yield and composition. The regression of predicted 24-hour yield and composition on the respective actual values varied from 0.97 to 1.01 with the exception of 24-hour fat percentage predicted from a PM sample (1.06). A single AM sample is useful to predict 24-hour milk yield and composition when the milking interval is known

External job satisfaction factors improving the overall job satisfaction of selected five-star hotel employees

Published ArticleOne of the 2011 South African National Tourism Sector Strategy objectives is to "provide excellent people development and decent work within the tourism sector". The hospitality industry is, however, not regarded as a provider of decent work and a close link exists between decent work and job satisfaction. External job satisfaction can be defined as satisfaction relating to the work environment of employees. The purpose of this study was to identify the external job satisfaction factors which contribute to overall job satisfaction of employees in selected five-star hotels. The instrument used to gather the quantitative data was a newly developed index based on the literature review conducted. The empirical study was conducted among 124 employees of four five-star hotels in the Western Cape. All three factors identified (supervision, work environment and work itself) were found to be significantly and positively correlated with overall job satisfaction in five-star hotels in the Western Cape

Biofilm Inhibitory Coatings Formulated from Glass Polyalkenoate Cement Chemistry: An Evaluation of their Adhesive Nature

Researchers evaluated the adhesive nature of the biofilm inhibitory coatings formulated from glass polyalkenoate cement (GPC) chemistry with the aim to establish the novel testing modality by modifying the conventional T-peel tests. Special consideration was given to determine the resistance of a bonded assembly of two adherents having at least one adherent flexible to quantify the bond between tape and a surgical metal substrate bonded by a luting GPC. The delaminated tape surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an accelerating voltage of 20 K V to determine whether failure of the bond was adhesive of cohesive in nature. Researchers have also evaluated the cements against Ti6A14V, as they are designed as surgical coatings. The load testing evaluation in excess of 5500 Pa, showed the failure of the novel GPC adhered to rigid and flexible substrates

Virtual Proximity to Promote Expatriate Cultural Adjustment, Innovation, and the Reduction of Stress Levels

Given the dramatic increase in the number of expatriates living and working abroad, there is a need to advance the research into how to make sure these employees achieve success on their assignments. Often, these expatriates assume managerial roles and are intended to be the gatekeepers of information. Typically, this information is necessary for the success of their colleagues, in both their home country and their host country. The expatriate’s role is to facilitate the integration of organizational knowledge from both their home and host countries, as well as key sources in their host country’s local environment. However, historically, there has been an exceptionally high failure rate in expatriate engagements. There are various factors discussed in the literature related to this failure rate including the stress of cultural integration and isolation from family. This often interferes with the expatriate being able to perform of their key responsibilities, which is to innovate. This research will launch pilot studies to investigate the use of social media, and computer mediated communications, to develop virtual proximity, its effects on cultural integration, the maintenance of professional relationships on a global scale, and its effect on the reduction of stress and the innovation process

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTS OF A SIMULATED EFFUSION IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS ON KNEE KINEMATICS AND LOWER LIMB MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING A SINGLE LEG DROP LANDING

Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) is defined as an ongoing reflex inhibition of the musculature surrounding a joint following distension or damage to the structures of that joint [Hopkins and Ingersoll, 2000]. AMI following joint injury may affect movement and muscle recruitment which may impair rehabilitation and delay the return to activity. Knee angular displacement and velocity as well as lower limb EMG were measured in the period 250 milliseconds pre initial contact to 250 milliseconds post initial contact during a single leg drop jump in 8 healthy subjects before and after a simulated knee joint effusion of 60 millilitres. Repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc testing revealed no statistically significant differences in pre and post effusion in knee kinematic or lower limb EMG measures undertaken. A simulated knee effusion did not result in significant alterations to knee joint mechanics or lower limb muscle activation patterns during a single leg drop landing. The mechanism by which an effusion affects motor control during functional and dynamic weight bearing tasks warrants further investigation

Progressive Education: Lesson from the Past and Present

Progressive education is one of the most enduring educational reform movements in this country, with a lifespan of over one hundred years. Although as noted earlier, it waxes and wanes in popularity, many of its practices now appear so regularly in both private and public schools as to have become almost mainstream. But from the schools that were the pioneers, what useful lessons can we learn? The histories of the early progressive schools profiled in Part 1 illustrate what happened to some of the progressive schools founded in the first part of the twentieth century. But even now, they serve as important reminders for educators concerned with the competing issues of stability and change in schools with particular progressive philosophies—reminders, specifically, of the complex nature of school reform

Comparison of a SiO2-CaO-ZnO-SrO Glass Polyalkenoate Cement to Commercial Dental Materials: Glass Structure and Physical Properties

Glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) have previously been considered for orthopedic applications. A Zn-GPC (BT 101) was compared to commercial GPCs (Fuji IX and Ketac Molar) which have a setting chemistry analogous to BT 101. Handling properties (working, Tw and setting, Ts times) for BT 101 were shorter than the commercial GPCs. BT 101 also had a higher setting exotherm (Sx - 34 °C) than the commercial GPCs (29 °C). The maximum strengths for BT 101, Fuji IX, and Ketac Molar were 75, 238, and 216 MPa (compressive, σc), and 34, 54, and 62 MPa (biaxial flexural strengths, σf), respectively. The strengths of BT 101 are more suitable for spinal applications than commercial GPCs. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Degradable Borate Glass Polyalkenoate Cements

Glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) containing aluminum-free borate glasses having the general composition Ag2O-Na2O-CaO-SrO-ZnO- TiO2-B2O3 were evaluated in this work. An initial screening study of sixteen compositions was used to identify regions of glass formation and cement compositions with promising rheological properties. The results of the screening study were used to develop four model borate glass compositions for further study. A second round of rheological experiments was used to identify a preferred GPC formulation for each model glass composition. The model borate glasses containing higher levels of TiO2 (7.5 mol %) tended to have longer working times and shorter setting times. Dissolution behavior of the four model GPC formulations was evaluated by measuring ion release profiles as a function of time. All four GPC formulations showed evidence of incongruent dissolution behavior when considering the relative release profiles of sodium and boron, although the exact dissolution profile of the glass was presumably obscured by the polymeric cement matrix. Compression testing was undertaken to evaluate cement strength over time during immersion in water. The cements containing the borate glass with 7.5 mol % TiO2 had the highest initial compressive strength, ranging between 20 and 30 MPa. No beneficial aging effect was observed-instead, the strength of all four model GPC formulations was found to degrade with time. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media