Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes and its Related Risk Factors in Women Referring to Health Centers in Ilam – 2022

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases, which complicates many pregnancies. The present study investigated the prevalence of gestational diabetes and its related risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted from April 2021 to March 2022, all pregnant women referred to the health centers of Ilam city, who had performed the OGTT test during the 24th-28th weeks of pregnancy, were included in the study. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire addressing demographic characteristics, medical records, and pregnancy and childbirth records. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 19 using frequency, mean, T-test, chi-square tests, Fisher's exact, and logistic regression. In this study, the significance level was set as p<0.05. Results: Of 638 pregnant women, 589 (90.4) had no diabetes, and 60 (9.6) had gestational diabetes with a prevalence of 9.6. Gestational diabetes was more common in multiparous women aged above 30 years and overweight in early pregnancy (p=0.001). Age, level of education, body mass index, and economic status had a statistically significant relationship with gestational diabetes (p=0.001). History of stillbirth, history of abortion, macrosomia, history of diabetes in family, prediabetes status and previous gestational diabetes, and hypothyroidism were the possible risk factors for gestational diabetes (p=0.001). Urinary tract infections and blood pressure disorders were more common in those with diabetes (p=0.001). Conclusion: Because gestational diabetes was more common in multiparous women aged above 30 years and overweight in early pregnancy, timely counseling and education for this pregnant group can effectively reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes. © 2022, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences. All rights reserved

The effect of music therapy on labor pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Music therapy is a non-pharmacological method for pain reduction. Our aim was to investigate the effect of music therapy on labor pain. Methods: This review study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The ISI, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were independently searched by two of the researchers to find related articles about music therapy and labor pain. The search was performed using the Mesh keywords of “music therapy”, “labor pain” and the phrase of “non-pharmacological methods for pain reduction” to recruit articles published between 2000 and 2018. Data was analyzed using meta-analysis and STATA software. The Q and I2 were used to assess the heterogeneity. Result: A total of 40 articles were found from which 8 articles with good qualities entered the systematic review process. The mean pain scores in the experimental group were 8.67 (95 CI: 8.22–9.12) and 5.26 (95 CI: 4.98–5.54) before and after music therapy respectively. These results showed that music therapy reduced the pain by 3.41 times. The mean pain scores in the control group were8.05 (95 CI: 7.33–8.87) and 8.28 (95 CI: 7.49–8.97) before and after the intervention respectively showing a pain increment by 0.18. Based on the visual analog scale, labor pain was mild (i.e., score 2–4), moderate (i.e., score 5–7), and severe (i.e., score 8–10) in 24.8, 36.5, and 23.5 of the studied women. Meta-regression results showed a reduction in pain score by increasing the year of study and sample size. Conclusion: Music therapy can be considered as a non-pharmacological approach to reduce labor pain and improve the quality of maternity care. It is suggested that music therapy to be included in the protocols of maternity cares to increase their quality and efficiency. © 2023 Elsevier Masson SA

Investigation of Correlation between Coronavirus Anxiety, Academic Motivation and Attitude towards the Field Education in Medical Students

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus pandemic has created a wide range of psychological complications. Students of medical sciences, like health personnel, are at a high risk of infection with coronavirus. The present study is an attempt to examine the correlation between anxiety caused by coronavirus and attitude and motivation toward the field of study in medical sciences students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: This correlational study was done on 373 students in different fields of medical sciences at Ilam University of Medical Sciences from April to September 2020. The participants were selected through stratified random sampling. Data gathering was done using Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), and Educational Attitude Standard Questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed online by the participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson's correlation test, independent t-test and analysis of variance at a significance level of (P<0.05). RESULTS: Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and educational motivation (P=0.001) and attitude (P=0.03) was inverse and significant. There was a significant statistical difference in the average score of anxiety caused by coronavirus in students of different fields. The highest mean anxiety score was in the operating room students and the lowest anxiety score was in the laboratory science field (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Coronavirus pandemic has created anxiety and lowered educational motivation and attitude in students of different fields of medical sciences

Child-free lifestyle and the need for parenthood and relationship with marital satisfaction among infertile couples

Objective: Marital satisfaction is considered as satisfaction with a marital relationship on which the presence of a child has different effects. Concerns about a childfree life and its effect on marital satisfaction in infertile couples are very critical. Therefore, this study was intended to characterize and compare concerns about a childfree lifestyle and the need for parenthood and their relationship with marital satisfaction in infertile couples. Method: A total of 200 men and 200 women who referred to fertility centers in Tehran participated in this cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling method was used for sampling. Demographic survey, ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, and Fertility Problem Inventory were used for data collection. The resulting data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests (Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Regression). Results: The mean scores for concern about a childfree lifestyle and the need for parenthood in women were significantly higher than in men. The variables rejection of a childfree lifestyle and the need for parenthood were respectively predictors of marital satisfaction in women and men. Conclusion: Since marital satisfaction in infertile couples is affected by their feelings about having a child and becoming a parent, it is therefore suggested that appropriate counseling be provided in supportive healthcare programs for infertile couples to promote their marital satisfaction. Copyright © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Mechanism of humic acid adsorption as a flotation separation depressant on the complex silicates and hematite

Humic acid (HA), as an environmentally friendly depressant, absorbed significant attention for possible cleaner production within mineral separation by selective separation, especially for reverse flotation of iron oxides. However, a few systematic studies were addressed its effect on the iron ore reverse cationic flotation in the presence of complex silicates and its adsorption mechanism on the surface of these minerals. This work is going to fill this gap by exploring the depression mechanisms of HA through the reverse cationic flotation (separation of hematite from complex silicates; augite and hornblende). Wettability analyses, micro and batch flotation scale tests were employed for such a purpose. Adsorption test, turbidity measurement, zeta potential measurement, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses were conducted to understand HA adsorption's mechanism on these minerals' surface. Results relieved that at the low concentration of HA (20 mg/L), adsorption on the examined minerals' surface occurred. Based on the micro-flotation test results, HA's depression impact has the following order: hematite ≫ augite &gt; hornblende. The surface analysis results suggested that HA can interact with the Fe ions on the hematite surface by chemical and hydrogen bonding. The same mechanism was observed for HA adsorption on the considered silicates; however, the adsorption rate was lower, while lower polyvalent cations are available on these silicates' surface.</p

A comparative study between the adsorption mechanisms of sodium co-silicate and conventional depressants for the reverse anionic hematite flotation

Starch, dextrin, sodium silicate (SS), and recently sodium co-silicate (SCS) are the most known depressants for the depression of iron oxides through the traditional reverse flotation. However, all these depressants’ adsorption mechanisms on the surface of iron oxides and their main associated minerals (silicate and phosphates) through the reverse anionic flotation did not yet been thoroughly investigated. For filling this gap, as a comparative investigation, this study implemented Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential measurement, and micro-flotation tests to determine the adsorption mechanisms of these depressants and explored their effects on the floatabilities of pure hematite, quartz, and fluorapatite. Micro-flotation test results illustrated that all the examined depressants could depress hematite in the presence of an anionic collector. Still, the efficiencies of SS and SCS were higher than those of starch and dextrin. SCS had the lowest depression effect on quartz, and fluorapatite floatability compared to other depressants. Surface analyses depicted that dextrin and starch decreased the collector adsorption on the fluorapatite surface, where SCS and SS had a negligible effect on its floatability. The co-existence of physical and chemical bonds created between dextrin/starch and fluorapatite was the reason for its depression through the anionic reverse flotation.</p

Prevalence of Preterm Birth Recurrence and Related Factors in Ilam

Introduction: Preterm birth and its risk of recurrence have long-term consequences on families and communities. So evaluating epidemiologic and environmental factors is important to diagnose the women at risk for early delivery. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of preterm birth recurrence and related factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 3763 pregnant women referred to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini’s maternity hospital in Ilam during July 2015 to July 2016. In this study, sampling was carried out in a sequential method. Data were collected using interviews and medical records of the pregnant women. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 37 questions, including demographic variables, midwifery history, and maternal medical and fetal variables (i.e., gestational age, number of previous births, birth weight, Apgar score, perinatal death, congenital malformation, previous preterm labor, placental abnormalities, history of abortion, history of hypertension and diabetes during pregnancy, history of trauma and surgery, uterine and cervical disorder, premature rupture of the membranes). The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19), Chi-square test, and t-test. Results: Out of 350 neonates, 82.6 of them had no history of preterm labor, and 17.4 of the newborns had a history of preterm birth. The most prevalent recurrence of preterm delivery was at the age of 30-40 years. There was a statistically significant difference between the age, education level, parity, genital infection, urinary tract infection, history of surgery, diabetes, fetal death, fetal malformation, and preterm birth recurrence (P <0.05). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of preterm delivery in women with a history of preterm delivery, the prevention of this important complication of pregnancy can be performed by increasing clinical care and considering the causative factors. © 2018, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved