Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes and its Related Risk Factors in Women Referring to Health Centers in Ilam – 2022

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases, which complicates many pregnancies. The present study investigated the prevalence of gestational diabetes and its related risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted from April 2021 to March 2022, all pregnant women referred to the health centers of Ilam city, who had performed the OGTT test during the 24th-28th weeks of pregnancy, were included in the study. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire addressing demographic characteristics, medical records, and pregnancy and childbirth records. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 19 using frequency, mean, T-test, chi-square tests, Fisher's exact, and logistic regression. In this study, the significance level was set as p<0.05. Results: Of 638 pregnant women, 589 (90.4) had no diabetes, and 60 (9.6) had gestational diabetes with a prevalence of 9.6. Gestational diabetes was more common in multiparous women aged above 30 years and overweight in early pregnancy (p=0.001). Age, level of education, body mass index, and economic status had a statistically significant relationship with gestational diabetes (p=0.001). History of stillbirth, history of abortion, macrosomia, history of diabetes in family, prediabetes status and previous gestational diabetes, and hypothyroidism were the possible risk factors for gestational diabetes (p=0.001). Urinary tract infections and blood pressure disorders were more common in those with diabetes (p=0.001). Conclusion: Because gestational diabetes was more common in multiparous women aged above 30 years and overweight in early pregnancy, timely counseling and education for this pregnant group can effectively reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes. © 2022, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences. All rights reserved

The effect of music therapy on labor pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Music therapy is a non-pharmacological method for pain reduction. Our aim was to investigate the effect of music therapy on labor pain. Methods: This review study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The ISI, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were independently searched by two of the researchers to find related articles about music therapy and labor pain. The search was performed using the Mesh keywords of “music therapy”, “labor pain” and the phrase of “non-pharmacological methods for pain reduction” to recruit articles published between 2000 and 2018. Data was analyzed using meta-analysis and STATA software. The Q and I2 were used to assess the heterogeneity. Result: A total of 40 articles were found from which 8 articles with good qualities entered the systematic review process. The mean pain scores in the experimental group were 8.67 (95 CI: 8.22–9.12) and 5.26 (95 CI: 4.98–5.54) before and after music therapy respectively. These results showed that music therapy reduced the pain by 3.41 times. The mean pain scores in the control group were8.05 (95 CI: 7.33–8.87) and 8.28 (95 CI: 7.49–8.97) before and after the intervention respectively showing a pain increment by 0.18. Based on the visual analog scale, labor pain was mild (i.e., score 2–4), moderate (i.e., score 5–7), and severe (i.e., score 8–10) in 24.8, 36.5, and 23.5 of the studied women. Meta-regression results showed a reduction in pain score by increasing the year of study and sample size. Conclusion: Music therapy can be considered as a non-pharmacological approach to reduce labor pain and improve the quality of maternity care. It is suggested that music therapy to be included in the protocols of maternity cares to increase their quality and efficiency. © 2023 Elsevier Masson SA

Investigation of Correlation between Coronavirus Anxiety, Academic Motivation and Attitude towards the Field Education in Medical Students

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus pandemic has created a wide range of psychological complications. Students of medical sciences, like health personnel, are at a high risk of infection with coronavirus. The present study is an attempt to examine the correlation between anxiety caused by coronavirus and attitude and motivation toward the field of study in medical sciences students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: This correlational study was done on 373 students in different fields of medical sciences at Ilam University of Medical Sciences from April to September 2020. The participants were selected through stratified random sampling. Data gathering was done using Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), and Educational Attitude Standard Questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed online by the participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson's correlation test, independent t-test and analysis of variance at a significance level of (P<0.05). RESULTS: Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and educational motivation (P=0.001) and attitude (P=0.03) was inverse and significant. There was a significant statistical difference in the average score of anxiety caused by coronavirus in students of different fields. The highest mean anxiety score was in the operating room students and the lowest anxiety score was in the laboratory science field (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Coronavirus pandemic has created anxiety and lowered educational motivation and attitude in students of different fields of medical sciences

Prevalence of Preterm Birth Recurrence and Related Factors in Ilam

Introduction: Preterm birth and its risk of recurrence have long-term consequences on families and communities. So evaluating epidemiologic and environmental factors is important to diagnose the women at risk for early delivery. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of preterm birth recurrence and related factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 3763 pregnant women referred to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini’s maternity hospital in Ilam during July 2015 to July 2016. In this study, sampling was carried out in a sequential method. Data were collected using interviews and medical records of the pregnant women. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 37 questions, including demographic variables, midwifery history, and maternal medical and fetal variables (i.e., gestational age, number of previous births, birth weight, Apgar score, perinatal death, congenital malformation, previous preterm labor, placental abnormalities, history of abortion, history of hypertension and diabetes during pregnancy, history of trauma and surgery, uterine and cervical disorder, premature rupture of the membranes). The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19), Chi-square test, and t-test. Results: Out of 350 neonates, 82.6 of them had no history of preterm labor, and 17.4 of the newborns had a history of preterm birth. The most prevalent recurrence of preterm delivery was at the age of 30-40 years. There was a statistically significant difference between the age, education level, parity, genital infection, urinary tract infection, history of surgery, diabetes, fetal death, fetal malformation, and preterm birth recurrence (P <0.05). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of preterm delivery in women with a history of preterm delivery, the prevention of this important complication of pregnancy can be performed by increasing clinical care and considering the causative factors. © 2018, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Child-free lifestyle and the need for parenthood and relationship with marital satisfaction among infertile couples

Objective: Marital satisfaction is considered as satisfaction with a marital relationship on which the presence of a child has different effects. Concerns about a childfree life and its effect on marital satisfaction in infertile couples are very critical. Therefore, this study was intended to characterize and compare concerns about a childfree lifestyle and the need for parenthood and their relationship with marital satisfaction in infertile couples. Method: A total of 200 men and 200 women who referred to fertility centers in Tehran participated in this cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling method was used for sampling. Demographic survey, ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, and Fertility Problem Inventory were used for data collection. The resulting data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests (Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Regression). Results: The mean scores for concern about a childfree lifestyle and the need for parenthood in women were significantly higher than in men. The variables rejection of a childfree lifestyle and the need for parenthood were respectively predictors of marital satisfaction in women and men. Conclusion: Since marital satisfaction in infertile couples is affected by their feelings about having a child and becoming a parent, it is therefore suggested that appropriate counseling be provided in supportive healthcare programs for infertile couples to promote their marital satisfaction. Copyright © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Effect of peer support on breastfeeding self-efficacy in ilamian primiparous women: A single-blind randomized clinical trial

Introduction: Mother's belief, ability, and self-confidence, which is interpreted as breastfeeding self-efficacy, play a key role in the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. Numerous factors affect this ability of the mother. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of peer support on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous women. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 240 primiparous women were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The control group program included routine training, and the experimental group received counseling and training by 30 peers during the first three months after delivery. To determine breastfeeding self-efficacy, Denis's long-term breastfeeding self-efficacy questionnaire was used at the end of week 12 after delivery. Data were analyzed using SPSS software program, version 16.0 and independent t test, Chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean of breastfeeding self-efficacy score at the end of week 12 after delivery was 141.11 +/- 93.4 in the experimental group versus 114.40 +/- 60.16 in the control group. Then, the two groups had a statistically significant difference (P = 0.001). Also, exclusive breastfeeding in the experimental group was higher than in the control group (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Peer support for primiparous women can effectively improve breastfeeding self-efficacy and continuity of exclusive breastfeeding

Modeling industrial hydrocyclone operational variables by SHAP-CatBoost - A "conscious lab" approach

Undoubtedly hydrocyclones play a critical role in powder technology, which can considerably affect the plants&amp;apos; process efficiency. However, hydrocyclones were rarely modeled on an industrial scale, where a model can be used to train operators and minimize potential scale-up errors and lab costs. The novel approach for filling such a gap would be using conscious lab "CL" as a new concept that builds based on an industrial dataset and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). As a novel approach, this study developed a CL and explored the interactions between hydrocyclone variables by the most recent XAI method called "SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)", and a novel machine-learning model, "CatBoost". The hydrocyclone output and the particle size of the plant magnetic separator were modeled by SHAP-CatBoost. SHAP could successfully model all the relationships, and CatBoost could predict the O80 and K80, where outcomes had a higher accuracy (R2 similar to 0.90) than other conventional AIs.Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-04-18 (hanlid);Funder: CAMM3, the Center of Advanced Mining and Metallurgy, Luleå University of Technology</p

Corona virus and elderly social isolation: A systematic review

Introduction: The elderly more than others in the society were affected by the corona epidemic. Social isolation as one of the important consequences of corona pandemic, affected the elderly. This review study was performed with aim to investigate studies related to social isolation of the elderly during the corona virus epidemic. Methods: In this systematic review, to find the article entitled elderly social isolation and Covid-19, the articles published in English from the beginning of the Corona virus pandemic to 2021 were searched in databases of Scopus, ISI (web of science), PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library, and Science direct using MeSH and the keywords of "social isolation", "elderly", "loneliness", "coronavirus", "COVID -19", "SARS COVID -2", "pandemic", "elderly", alone and in combination using the operators AND and OR. Results: A total of 11 studies related to Covid-19 and social isolation were included in the study. The findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic and health policies have exacerbated feelings of loneliness and isolation in the elderly. Loneliness and social isolation in the elderly have increased due to the implementation of preventive protocols such as social distance and quarantine. Conclusion: Attention to approaches which reduce social isolation in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the important interventions that should be considered by government and policy makers to reduce the rate of harm in the elderly and consequently reduce health costs to compensate its side-affects. © 2023, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Selective Separation of Hematite by a Synthesized Depressant in Various Scales of Anionic Reverse Flotation

Demand for high-quality iron concentrate is significantly increasing around the world. Thus, the development of the techniques for a selective separation and rejection of typical associated minerals in the iron oxide ores, such as phosphorous minerals (mainly apatite group), is a high priority. Reverse anionic flotation by using sodium silicate (SS) as an iron oxide depressant is one of the techniques for iron ore processing. This investigation is going to present a synthesized reagent “sodium co-silicate (SCS)” for hematite depression through a reverse anionic flotation. The main hypothesis is the selective depression of hematite and, simultaneously, modification of the pulp pH by SCS. Various flotation experiments, including micro-flotation, and batch flotation of laboratory and industrial scales, were conducted in order to compare the depression selectivity of SS versus SCS. Outcomes of flotation tests at the different flotation scales demonstrated that hematite depression by SCS is around 3.3% higher than by SS. Based on flotation experiment outcomes, it was concluded that SCS can modify the pH of the process at ~9.5, and the plant reagents (including NaOH, Na2CO3, and SS gel) can be replaced by just SCS, which can also lead to a higher efficiency in the plant. Validerad;2019;Nivå 2;2019-04-08 (svasva)</p

Comparing the effect of herbal drugs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on primary dysmenorrhea in iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of herbal drugs and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the primary dysmenorrhea, but their results have been different.The aim of this study was to compare the effects of herbal drugs and NSAIDon the primary dysmenorrheausing meta-analysis method.A literature search was conducted in Scopus, Pub med, and Google scholar databases from1996 to December 2016 in English and Persian languages using the search keywordsof primary dysmenorrhea combined with herbal and NSAID. The random effect model was adoptedto combine the results of the studies, and I2 index was used to check heterogeneity. One hundred and ninety-nine studies were obtained, and after reading the abstracts, 21 articles were included in the study. The total number of samples was 2041 people. The standard mean difference(SMD)betweenherbal drugs and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the pain reduction in the first intervention was estimated atSMD= 0.2(95CI:(-0.340.74), z=0.73, p=0.463), and in second intervention it was SMD=-0.59(95CI: (-1.650.47),Z=1.09 and p=0.278). also, the SMD for the duration of menstrual variable SMD=0.18(95CI:(0.02 0.34), z=2.20, p=0.027) in favor of NSAID drugs and interval cycle of menstrual variable was SMD=0.07(95CI:(-0.140.28), z=0.68, p=0.496).Mean difference of pain intensity reduced relatively better by administering herbal medicines, which is supported by the majority of studies, and the herbal drugs were found to be more effective than the NSAIDs drugs. Finally, given the many side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal drugs can be used at the standard dosageand considering the side effects. © 2021, Islamic Azad University. All rights reserved