KMS conditions for 4-point Green functions at finite temperature

We study the 4-point function in the Keldysh formalism of the closed time path formulation of real time finite temperature field theory. We derive the KMS conditions for these functions and discuss the number of 4-point functions that are independent. We define a set of `physical' functions which are linear combinations of the usual Keldysh functions. We show that these functions satisfy simple KMS conditions. In addition, we consider a set of integral equations which represent a resummation of ladder graphs. We show that these integral equations decouple when one uses the physical functions that we have defined. We discuss the generalization of these results to QED.Comment: 17 pages in Revtex with 2 figure

Interpretation of the angular dependence of the de Haas-van Alphen effect in MgB_2

We present detailed results for the amplitude and field dependence of the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) signal arising from the electron-like $\pi$ sheet of Fermi surface in MgB_2. Our data and analysis show that the dip in dHvA amplitude when the field is close to the basal plane is caused by a beat between two very similar dHvA frequencies and not a spin-zero effect as previously assumed. Our results imply that the Stoner enhancement factors in MgB_2 are small on both the Sigma and Pi sheets.Comment: 4 pages with figures. Submitted to PR

Evaluation of the two-photon absorption characteristics of GaSb/GaAs quantum rings

The optical parameters describing the sub-bandgap response of GaSb/GaAs quantum rings solar cells have been obtained from photocurrent measurements using a modulated pseudomonochromatic light source in combination with a second, continuous photo-filling source. By controlling the charge state of the quantum rings, the photoemission cross-sections describing the two-photon sub-bandgap transitions could be determined independently. Temperature dependent photo-response measurements also revealed that the barrier for thermal hole emission from the quantum rings is significantly below the quantum ring localisation energy. The temperature dependence of the sub-bandgap photo-response of the solar cell is also described in terms of the photo-and thermal-emission characteristics of the quantum rings. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC

Modeling the variability of the Somali Current

The dynamics of the Somali Current system during the southwest Monsoon are investigated using a 16 level general circulation model. Solutions are found for a number of model geometries and wind-forcing patterns. The first integrations reported use a model domain exactly equivalent to that of the layer model of McCreary and Kundu allowing a direct comparison between the level and layer models. In the second set of integrations a more realistic Indian Ocean geometry is used, but still with an idealized wind forcing, while in the third, the Hellerman and Rosenstein wind stresses are used to simulate the seasonal cycle. The main results are that the GCM does not easily produce the cold wedge observed in SST at ∼4N, although a current separation does develop there. A cold wedge can be produced but only if there is cold water quite close to the surface, the SST being sensitive to the vertical temperature profile. The cold wedge at ∼10N forms easily in all integrations. As the water flows offshore it slides beneath the surface giving rise to the impression that it corkscrews its way around the Great Whirl gyre. To the east, northeast, of the Great Whirl, a series of jet filaments develop, associated with strong vertical circulations. In broad outline the GCM and layer model of MK are similar, but the details of the eddy fields and coastal response are quite different. In no cases are there vacillations or gyre interactions comparable to those in the layer model

Evidence for Surface Andreev Bound states in Cuprate Superconductors from Penetration Depth Measurements

Tunneling and theoretical studies have suggested that Andreev bound states form at certain surfaces of unconventional superconductors. Through studies of the temperature and field dependence of the in-plane magnetic penetration depth lambda_ab at low temperature, we have found strong evidence for the presence of these states in clean single crystal YBCO and BSCCO. Crystals cut to expose a [110] interface show a strong upturn in lambda_ab at around 7K, when the field is oriented so that the supercurrents flow around this surface. In YBCO this upturn is completely suppressed by a field of ~0.1 T.Comment: 4 pages 2 column revtex + 4 postscript figures. Submitted to PR

Geometrical entanglement of highly symmetric multipartite states and the Schmidt decomposition

In a previous paper we examined a geometric measure of entanglement based on the minimum distance between the entangled target state of interest and the space of unnormalized product states. Here we present a detailed study of this entanglement measure for target states with a large degree of symmetry. We obtain analytic solutions for the extrema of the distance function and solve for the Hessian to show that, up to the action of trivial symmetries, the solutions correspond to local minima of the distance function. In addition, we show that the conditions that determine the extremal solutions for general target states can be obtained directly by parametrizing the product states via their Schmidt decomposition.Comment: 16 pages, references added and discussion expande

Shear viscosity in ϕ4\phi^4 theory from an extended ladder resummation

We study shear viscosity in weakly coupled hot $\phi^4$ theory using the CTP formalism . We show that the viscosity can be obtained as the integral of a three-point function. Non-perturbative corrections to the bare one-loop result can be obtained by solving a decoupled Schwinger-Dyson type integral equation for this vertex. This integral equation represents the resummation of an infinite series of ladder diagrams which contribute to the leading order result. It can be shown that this integral equation has exactly the same form as the Boltzmann equation. We show that the integral equation for the viscosity can be reexpressed by writing the vertex as a combination of polarization tensors. An expression for this polarization tensor can be obtained by solving another Schwinger-Dyson type integral equation. This procedure results in an expression for the viscosity that represents a non-perturbative resummation of contributions to the viscosity which includes certain non-ladder graphs, as well as the usual ladders. We discuss the motivation for this resummation. We show that these resummations can also be obtained by writing the viscosity as an integral equation involving a single four-point function. Finally, we show that when the viscosity is expressed in terms of a four-point function, it is possible to further extend the set of graphs included in the resummation by treating vertex and propagator corrections self-consistently. We discuss the significance of such a self-consistent resummation and show that the integral equation contains cancellations between vertex and propagator corrections.Comment: Revtex 40 pages with 29 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Simulation of the enhanced infrared photoresponse of type-II GaSb/GaAs quantum ring solar cells

The extended photo-response of solar cells containing ten periods of GaSb/GaAs quantum rings imbedded in the p-i-n junction has been described using a single-band representation of the type-II quantum ring structure. By fitting the experimental data, the authors were able to deduce that the quantum rings are well represented by a Gaussian height distribution and a large valence band discontinuity. The simulated band of states is shown to be well matched to the photoluminescence analysis of the structure, with the inhomogeneous size distribution resulting in a band of hole states roughly 390 meV above the valence band