Etransactions in the Australian supply chain setting

Many sectors of the Australian economy have, in recent years, undertaken an analysis of their supply chain structures. Each sector has determined the underlying technologies to be recommended for use on the basis of past practice in that sector and, in some cases, international practice in the sector. In this article, the authors examine the current role of e-transactions within the context of Australian supply chains. Our analysis indicates that there is a bifurcation of technical choices along the demarcations of XML and EDI business solutions. For instance, while Mining and Finance have gone the XML route, Wholesale and Retail Trade, along with Transport and Storage have chosen EDI. Moreover, the Health sector appears to be leaning towards keeping both options open to its organizations. We argue that two factors will need to be considered which will be affected greatly by this parting of the ways on the technology issue. One is the concept of ‘design for supply chain’ which involves demand generation through joint development of new products and the flow of material across different supply chain entities. The second is the impact of the growth of global trade within international economic blocs. A natural conclusion is that Australian industry must support a merging of EDI and XML standards

Short-run monetary growth fluctuations and real economic activity: some implications for monetary targeting

Monetary policy ; Demand for money

Currency substitution: a test of its importance

Money ; Monetary theory

Money, income and currency substitution: evidence from three countries

Monetary theory

The relative impact of monetary and fiscal actions on economic activity: a cross-country comparison

Monetary theory ; Fiscal policy

GLUTAMATE DYSREGULATION AND HIPPOCAMPAL DYSFUNCTION IN EPILEPTOGENESIS

Epileptogenesis is the complex process of the brain developing epileptic acitivity. Due to the role of glutamate and the hippocampus in synaptic plasticity a dysregulation in glutamate neurotransmission and hippocampal dysfunction are implicated in the process of epileptogenesis. However, the exact causal factors that promote epileptogenesis are unknown. We study presynaptic proteins that regulate glutamate neurotransmission and their role in epileptogenesis. The presynaptic protein, tomosyn, is believed to be a negative regulator of glutamate neurotransmission; however, no one has studied the effects of this protein on glutamate transmission in vivo. Furthermore, evidence suggests that mice lacking tomosyn have a kindling phenotype. Thus, in vivo glutamate recordings in mice lacking tomosyn have the potential to elucidate the exact role of tomosyn in glutamate neurotransmission and its potential relationship to epileptogenesis. Here we used biosensors to measure glutamate in the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, and CA1 of the hippocampus in tomosyn wild-type (Tom+/+), heterozygous (Tom+/-), and knock out (Tom-/-) mice. We found that, in the DG, that glutamate release increases as tomosyn expression decreases across genotype. This suggests that tomosyn dysregulation in the DG leads to an increase in glutamate release, which may explain why these mice have an epileptogenic phenotype

Balanced Truncation Model Reduction of a Nonlinear Cable-Mass PDE System with Interior Damping

We consider model order reduction of a nonlinear cable-mass system modeled by a 1D wave equation with interior damping and dynamic boundary conditions. The system is driven by a time dependent forcing input to a linear mass-spring system at one boundary. The goal of the model reduction is to produce a low order model that produces an accurate approximation to the displacement and velocity of the mass in the nonlinear mass-spring system at the opposite boundary. We first prove that the linearized and nonlinear unforced systems are well-posed and exponentially stable under certain conditions on the damping parameters, and then consider a balanced truncation method to generate the reduced order model (ROM) of the nonlinear input-output system. Little is known about model reduction of nonlinear input-output systems, and so we present detailed numerical experiments concerning the performance of the nonlinear ROM. We find that the ROM is accurate for many different combinations of model parameters

Processing of combined domestic bath and laundry waste waters for reuse as commode flushing water

An experimental investigation of processes and system configurations for reclaiming combined bath and laundry waste waters for reuse as commode flush water was conducted. A 90-min recycle flow was effective in removing particulates and in improving other physical characteristics to the extent that the filtered water was subjectively acceptable for reuse. The addition of a charcoal filter resulted in noticeable improvements in color, turbidity, and suds elimination. Heating and chlorination of the waste waters were investigated for reducing total organism counts and eliminating coliform organisms. A temperature of 335.9 K (145 F) for 30 min and chlorine concentrations of 20 mg/l in the collection tank followed by 10 mg/l in the storage tank were determined to be adequate for this purpose. Water volume relationships and energy-use rates for the waste water reuse systems are also discussed

The chemical/physical and microbiological characteristics of typical bath and laundry waste waters

Chemical/physical and microbiological characteristics are studied of typical bath and laundry waters collected during a 12 day test in which the untreated waste waters were reused for toilet flush. Most significant changes were found for ammonia, color, methylene blue active substances, phosphates, sodium, sulfates, total organic carbon, total solids, and turbidity in comparison with tap water baseline. The mean total number of microorganisms detected in the waste waters ranged from 1 million to 10 to the 7th power cells/m1 and the mean number of possible coliforms ranged from 10 to the 5th power to 1 million. An accumulation of particulates and an objectible odor were detected in the tankage used during the 12 day reuse of the untreated waste waters. The combined bath and laundry waste waters from a family of four provided 91 percent of the toilet flush water for the same family

An Overview of Regional and Multiregional Modelling in Australia

IIASA's Regional Development Group is engaged in a sequence of comparative studies in regional development modeling. The general purpose of this work is to promote an international exchange of the best experiences and most advanced knowledge in the field. This paper was prepared as a contribution to a comparative study of multiregional modeling. It gives a general overview of approaches to regional and multiregional modeling in Australia, describes the main models developed in that country, and gives their characteristics in terms of spatial focus, direction of causal links, and formal types of solution techniques