474 research outputs found
The Redistributive Effects of Pandemics: Evidence of the Spanish Flu
This paper examines the impact of a pandemic in a developing economy. Measured by excess deaths relative to the historical trend, the 1918 influenza in Spain was one of the most intense in Western Europe. However, aggregate output and consumption were only mildly affected. In this paper we assess the impact of the flu by exploiting within-country variation in âexcess deathsâ and we focus on the returns to factors of production. Our main result is that the effect of flu-related âexcess deathsâ on real wages is large, negative, and short-lived. The effects are heterogeneous across occupations, from null to a 15 per cent decline,concentrated in 1918. The negative effects are exacerbated in more urbanized provinces. In addition, we do not find effects of the flu on the returns to capital. Indeed, neither dividends nor real estate prices (houses and land) were negatively affected by flu-related increases in mortality. Our interpretation is that the Spanish Flu represented a negative demand shock that was mostly absorbed by workers, especially in more urbanized regions
The 1918 flu pandemic left Spain a more unequal country
The 1918 flu pandemic had a short-lived but devastating effect on Spain, write Sergi Basco (Universitat de Barcelona), Jordi DomĂšnech (Universidad Carlos III) and Joan Roses (LSE). Unlike previous pandemics, it increased inequality, as the better-off could afford to socially distance to protect themselves
Why and when do family firms invest less in talent management? The suppressor effect of risk aversion
none4siThis article explores the complex relationship between family firms and talent management practices. We use an international sample of medium-sized manufacturing firms to show that the relationship between family-owned firms and investment in talent management practices is mediated by the firmâs level of risk aversion, which is, in turn, moderated by industry competition. Risk-averse family-owned firms tend to invest less in talent management practices when industry competition is weak. In contrast, when competition increases, family-owned firms tend to invest in talent as much as non-family-owned firms do.openBasco, Rodrigo; Bassetti, Thomas; Dal Maso, Lorenzo; Lattanzi, NicolaBasco, Rodrigo; Bassetti, Thomas; Dal Maso, Lorenzo; Lattanzi, Nicol
Activity in vitro of chloroquine, cycloguanil and mefloquine against african isolates of Plasmodium falciparum : presumptive evidence for chemoprophylactic efficacy in Central and West Africa
Alternate Solutions to Water Resource Development -- A Case Study
This study was undertaken in an effort to develop procedural methodology for the consideration of alternative solutions for water resources development in a short period of time with a view toward reduction of total costs involved in prefeasibility studies. A review of related literature was made to reveal the status of the need for the development of a comprehensive method to evaluate possible alternatives.
Three techniques were developed in this research effort to estimate the investment costs of a reservoir project, a levee project, and a basin conservation reservoir project in an economic region. The application of the methodologies were illustrated by a case study. The cost of a reservoir project in the case study area determined by the method developed in this investigation was in excellent agreement with the Corps of Engineers' estimate using conventional methods. In general, the dependability of all the three methodologies were considered good for use in order-ofmagnitude estimates.
Selected solutions for water resources development problems in the Navasota River watershed were analyzed. The cost of water supply by desalination in the service area of the proposed Millican reservoir was computed following the procedure recommended by the Office of Saline Water. The investment costs of the alternatives were compared. The multipurpose reservoir project for flood control, water supply and recreation was found to be the least costly project. However, levees for flood protection in the lower Brazos River basin and desalting for water supply appeared to possess more intangible environmental benefits although the estimated cost of this multipurpose alternative was somewhat higher in comparison to the multipurpose reservoir project.
Evaluation of intangible cost factors (environmental, aesthetic, etc.) was not possible in want of scientifically amenable procedures. Total costs (combined tangible and intangible factors) of all alternative plans could not be estimated. As a result, no attempt was made to recommend any specific alternative to the proposed action in the case study area
General Statistical properties of the CMB Polarization field
The distribution of the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
in the sky is determined by the hypothesis of random Gaussian distribution of
the primordial density perturbations. This hypotheses is well motivated by the
inflationary cosmology. Therefore, the test of consistency of the statistical
properties of the CMB polarization field with the Gaussianity of primordial
density fluctuations is a realistic way to study the nature of primordial
inhomogeneities in the Universe. This paper contains the theoretical
predictions of the general statistical properties of the CMB polarization
field. All results obtained under assumption of the Gaussian nature of the
signal. We pay the special attention to the following two problems. First, the
classification and statistics of the singular points of the polarization field
where polarization is equal to zero. Second, the topology of contours of the
value of the degree of polarization. We have investigated the percolation
properties for the zones of ``strong'' and ``weak'' polarization. We also have
calculated Minkowski functionals for the CMB polarization field. All results
are analytical.Comment: Latex, 22 pages, including 5 figure
A versatile cryogenic system for liquid argon detectors
Detectors for direct dark matter search using noble gases in liquid phase as
detection medium need to be coupled to liquefaction, purification and
recirculation systems. A dedicated cryogenic system has been assembled and
operated at the INFN-Naples cryogenic laboratory with the aim to liquefy and
purify the argon used as active target in liquid argon detectors to study the
scintillation and ionization signals detected by large SiPMs arrays. The
cryogenic system is mainly composed of a double wall cryostat hosting the
detector, a purification stage to reduce the impurities below one part per
billion level, a condenser to liquefy the argon, a recirculation gas panel
connected to the cryostat equipped with a custom gas pump. The main features of
the cryogenic system are reported as well as the performances, long term
operations and stability in terms of the most relevant thermodynamic
parameters.Comment: Prepared for submission to JINST - LIDINE2022 September 21-23, 2022 -
University of Warsaw Librar
Stability Indicating High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Estimation of Artemether in Capsule Dosage Forms
A new simple, sensitive, precise, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of analysis for artemether both as a bulk drug and in capsule formulations was developed and validated. The method employed mobile phase acetonitrile (ACN) and buffer in the ratio 65:35 of pH 6.5 adjusted with tryethylamine. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r2 = 0.9996 in the concentration range 250-750 ÎŒg/ml. The mean value slope and intercept were 9355.5 and â93.5, respectively. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, and recovery studies. Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantitation (LOQ) for artemether were found to be 21.83-750 ÎŒg/ml, respectively. The method has been successfully applied in the analysis of marketed capsule formulations. The presented method was found to be reliable to separate all the degradents from all the stress conditions with resolution of more than 1.5 showing that it is a stability indicating method
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