Atmospheric effects on infrared multispectral sensing of sea-surface temperature from space

Atmospheric effects on infrared multispectral sensing of sea-surface temperature from spac

Estimation of sea surface temperature from space

A procedure is derived for obtaining improved estimates of water surfacetemperature by means of spatially scanning space-borne systems which would perform simultaneous radiometric measurements in two wavelength intervals in the thermal infrared atmospheric-window spectral regions. The procedure should reduce errors in the estimate of water surface temperature caused by haze and water vapor effects from approximately [plus-or-minus sign]2.0[deg]C to approximately [plus-or-minus sign]0.15[deg]C.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32646/1/0000009.pd

Reply to the comment by G. A. Maul and M. Sidran

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34212/1/0000501.pd

Availability of healthier options in traditional and nontraditional rural fast-food outlets

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Food prepared away from home has become increasingly popular to U.S. families, and may contribute to obesity. Sales have been dominated by fast food outlets, where meals are purchased for dining away from home or in the home. Although national chain affiliated fast-food outlets are considered the main source for fast food, fast foods are increasingly available in convenience stores and supermarkets/grocery stores. In rural areas, these nontraditional fast-food outlets may provide most of the opportunities for procurement of fast foods.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using all traditional and nontraditio nal fast-food outlets identified in six counties in rural Texas, the type and number of regular and healthiermenu options were surveyed using on-site observation in all food venues that were primarily fast food, supermarket/grocery store, and convenience store and compared with 2005 Dietary Guidelines.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Traditional fast-food outlets represented 84 (41%) of the 205 opportunities for procurement of fast food; 109 (53.2%) were convenience stores and 12 (5.8%) supermarkets/grocery stores. Although a s imilar variety of regular breakfast and lunch/dinner entrées were available in traditional fast-food outlets and convenience stores, the variety of healthier breakfast and lunch/dinner entrées was significantly greater in fast food outlets. Compared with convenience stores, supermarkets/grocery stores provided a greater variety of regular and healthier entrées and lunch/dinner side dishes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Convenience stores and supermarkets/grocery stores more than double the potential access to fast foods in this rural area than traditional fast-food outlets alone; however, traditional fast food outlets offer greater opportunity for healthier fast food options than convenience stores. A complete picture of fast food environment and the availability of healthier fast food options are essential to understand environmental influences on diet and health outcomes, and identify potential targets for intervention.</p

Assessing Transportation Needs on Indian Reservations. Final Report.

Supported by the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota

Inventory of Public Policy Research Related to Greater Minnesota: Results of a Survey of University of Minnesota Faculty.

From 1993 to 1995 CURA sponsored quarterly workshops designed to stimulate interest in research relating to greater Minnesota. The meetings focused on a variety of issues and faculty from a number of University departments attended. Those attending recommended a survey of University faculty to find out what policy issues are currently being researched. This publication presents the results of the survey. Seventy-five faculty responded, giving information about 117 research projects. The inventory presents these projects organized by topic area so that researchers may share knowledge or develop new networks

Summary of Results: Survey of Winona County Farm Operators.

Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota, working with the Land Stewardship Project

Environmental Research at the University of Minnesota: An Inventory of Research Related to Public Policy, 1990-1992.

Information about environmental research at the University of Minnesota in the early 90s is gathered into a single publication. Information about 267 research projects related to public policy issues is presented. The projects come from fifty-nine different departments and include sixty-two projects on campuses or experiment stations outside the Twin Cities area. Descriptions of the research, funding sources and amounts, investigators and their phone numbers, and number of students involved are included. The interdisciplinary nature of environmental research is immediately apparent. Projects are grouped under sixteen subject categories, from ecology to wetlands. Indexes are also provided by department, funding source, investigator, and subject keyword

DNA prime Listeria boost induces a cellular immune response to SIV antigens in the rhesus macaque model that is capable of limited suppression of SIV239 viral replication

AbstractDNA vaccines and recombinant Listeria monocytogenes that express and secrete SIV Gag and Env antigens were combined in a nonhuman primate prime-boost immunogenicity study followed by a challenge with SIV239. We report that recombinant DNA vaccine delivered intramuscularly, and recombinant L. monocytogenes delivered orally each individually have the ability to induce CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immune responses in a nonhuman primate. Four rhesus monkeys were immunized at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12 with the pCSIVgag and pCSIVenv DNA plasmids and boosted with SIV expressing L. monocytogenes vaccines at weeks 16, 20, and 28. Four rhesus monkeys received only the L. monocytogenes vaccines at weeks 16, 20, and 28. A final group of monkeys served as a control group. Blood samples were taken before vaccination and 2 weeks post each injection and analyzed by ELISPOT for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Moderate vaccine induced SIV-specific cellular immune responses were observed following immunization with either DNA or L. monocytogenes vectors. However, the SIV antigen-specific immune responses were significantly increased when Rhesus macaques were primed with SIV DNA vaccines and boosted with the SIV expressing L. monocytogenes vectors. In addition, the combined vaccine was able to impact SIV239 viral replication following an intrarectal challenge. This study demonstrates for the first time that oral L. monocytogenes can induce a cellular immune response in a nonhuman primate and is able to enhance the efficacy of a DNA vaccine as well as provide modest protection against SIV239 challenge