Geologically constrained evolutionary geomechanical modelling of diapir and basin evolution: a case study from the Tarfaya basin, West African coast

We systematically incorporate burial history, sea floor geometry and tectonic loads from a sequential kinematic restoration model into a 2D evolutionary geomechanical model that simulates the formation of the Sandia salt diapir, Tarfaya basin, NW African Coast. We use a poro-elastoplastic description for the sediment behaviour and a viscoplastic description for the salt. Sedimentation is coupled with salt flow and regional shortening to determine the sediment porosity and strength and to capture the interaction between salt and sediments. We find that temporal and spatial variation in sedimentation rate is a key control on the kinematic evolution of the salt system. Incorporation of sedimentation rates from the kinematic restoration at a location east of Sandia leads to a final geomechanical model geometry very similar to that observed in seismic reflection data. We also find that changes in the variation of shortening rates can significantly affect the present-day stress state above salt. Overall, incorporating kinematic restoration data into evolutionary models provides insights into the key parameters that control the evolution of geologic systems. Furthermore, it enables more realistic evolutionary geomechanical models, which, in turn, provide insights into sediment stress and porosity

Биогеохимические исследования урбанизированных ландшафтов восточной Финляндии

Объектом исследования являются урбанизированные ландшафты трех городов Восточной Финляндии г. Юука, г. Оутокумпу, г. Миккели. Цель работы - биогеохимические исследования урбанизированных ландшафтов восточной Финляндии по результатам исследования проб почв, листьев и стеблей черники, лишайника, листьев древесных растений. В процессе исследования проводились обзор и анализ ранее проведенных работ, анализы литературных, нормативных и фондовых источников, анализировались статистических данные и элементный состав комплекса природных сред. В результате исследования была изучена геоэкологическая обстановка урбанизированных территорий Восточной Финляндии Степень внедрения результатов: полученный анализ эколого-геохимической ситуации урбанизированных территорий Финляндии является составной частью комплексного эколого-геохимического мониторинга территорий, проводимого кафедрой ГЭГХ ТПУ. Аналитический материал будет использован в учебном процессе. Область применения: результаты эколого-геохимического мониторинга урбанизированных территорий Финляндии могут быть использованы природоохранными организациями для ориентировочных данных по содержанию химических элементов в почвах и живых объектах городских агломераций.Object of research are urban landscapes of the three cities in the Eastern Finland city of Juuka, in Outokumpu, the city of Mikkeli. Purpose - biogeochemical studies of the urban landscape of Eastern Finland the results of the research of samples of soil, leaves and stems of bilberry, lichen, leaves of woody plants. In the process of investigation the review and analysis of earlier conducted works, literary analyses, regulatory and archival sources, analyzed statistical data and elemental composition of complex natural environments. The study was studied geo-ecological situation in the urbanized territories of Eastern Finland level of implementation of results: the analysis of environmental and geochemical situation in the urbanized territories of Finland is part of an integrated ecological-geochemical monitoring of the territories held by the Department GEGH TPU. Analytical material will be used in the educational process. Application field: the results of ecological-geochemical monitoring in the urbanized territories of Finland can be used by conservation organizations for estimates on the content of chemical elements in the soils and the living facilities of urban agglomerations

At-Risk and Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetic Subjects Have Increased Apoptosis in the CD4+CD25+(high) T-Cell Fraction

BACKGROUND: In experimental models, Type 1 diabetes T1D can be prevented by adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+ suppressor or regulatory T cells. Recent studies have found a suppression defect of CD4+CD25+(high) T cells in human disease. In this study we measure apoptosis of CD4+CD25+(high) T cells to see if it could contribute to reduced suppressive activity of these cells. METHODS AND FINDINGS: T-cell apoptosis was evaluated in children and adolescent 35 females/40 males subjects comprising recent-onset and long-standing T1D subjects and their first-degree relatives, who are at variable risk to develop T1D. YOPRO1/7AAD and intracellular staining of the active form of caspase 3 were used to evaluate apoptosis. Isolated CD4+CD25+(high) and CD4+CD25− T cells were co-cultured in a suppression assay to assess the function of the former cells. We found that recent-onset T1D subjects show increased apoptosis of CD4+CD25+(high) T cells when compared to both control and long-standing T1D subjects p<0.0001 for both groups. Subjects at high risk for developing T1D 2–3Ab+ve show a similar trend p<0.02 and p<0.01, respectively. On the contrary, in long-standing T1D and T2D subjects, CD4+CD25+(high) T cell apoptosis is at the same level as in control subjects p = NS. Simultaneous intracellular staining of the active form of caspase 3 and FoxP3 confirmed recent-onset FoxP3+ve CD4+CD25+(high) T cells committed to apoptosis at a higher percentage 15.3±2.2 compared to FoxP3+ve CD4+CD25+(high) T cells in control subjects 6.1±1.7 p<0.002. Compared to control subjects, both recent-onset T1D and high at-risk subjects had significantly decreased function of CD4+CD25+(high) T cells p = 0.0007 and p = 0.007, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a higher level of ongoing apoptosis in CD4+CD25+(high) T cells in recent-onset T1D subjects and in subjects at high risk for the disease. This high level of CD4+CD25+(high) T-cell apoptosis could be a contributing factor to markedly decreased suppressive potential of these cells in recent-onset T1D subjects

The HRSC Experiment at Vulcano Island - Results of Photogrammetric Processing and Radiometric Modelling

The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) developed for Mars exploration has been tested in several airborne campaigns over different test sites in Europe. We present results of an imaging experiment at Vulcano Island, carried out to assess the potential of HRSC for applications in volcanology and comparative planetology. Digital elevation models (DEM) and multispectral orthoimages have been derived using an automated photogrammetric processing software system based on digital image matching and multiple stereo. Prospects for image analysis methods based on radiometric modelling and simultaneous DEM data are discussed