2,169 research outputs found
Particle Yields and Ratios within Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Statistics
In characterizing the yields and ratios various of well identified particles
in the ALICE experiment, we utilize extensive {\it additive} thermal
approaches, to which various missing states of the hadron resonances are taken
into consideration, as well. Despite some non-equilibrium conditions that are
slightly driving this statistical approach away from equilibrium, the
approaches are and remain additive and extensive. Besides van der Waals
repulsive interactions (assuming that the gas constituents are no longer
point-like, i.e. finite-volume corrections taken into consideration), finite
pion chemical potentials as well as perturbations to the light and strange
quark occupation factors are taken into account. When confronting our
calculations to the ALICE measurements, we conclude that the proposed
conditions for various aspects deriving the system out of equilibrium notably
improve the reproduction of the experimental results, i.e. improving the
statistical fits, especially the finite pion chemical potential. This points
out to the great role that the non-equilibrium pion production would play, and
the contributions that the hadron resonance missing states come up with, even
when the principles of statistical extensivity and additivity aren't violated.
These results seem to propose revising the conclusions propagated by most of
the field, that the produced particles quickly reach a state of local
equilibrium leading to a collective expansion often described by fluid
dynamics. This situation seems not remaining restrictively valid, at very large
collision energies.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, submitted to EP
Dynamical evolution of a doubly-quantized vortex imprinted in a Bose-Einstein Condensate
The recent experiment by Y. Shin \emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{93},
160406 (2004)] on the decay of a doubly quantized vortex imprinted in Na condensates is analyzed by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii
equation. Our results, which are in very good quantitative agreement with the
experiment, demonstrate that the vortex decay is mainly a consequence of
dynamical instability. Despite apparent contradictions, the local density
approach is consistent with the experimental results. The monotonic increase
observed in the vortex lifetimes is a consequence of the fact that, for large
condensates, the measured lifetimes incorporate the time it takes for the
initial perturbation to reach the central slice. When considered locally, the
splitting occurs approximately at the same time in every condensate, regardless
of its size.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Incompressible liquid state of rapidly-rotating bosons at filling factor 3/2
Bosons in the lowest Landau level, such as rapidly-rotating cold trapped
atoms, are investigated numerically in the specially interesting case in which
the filling factor (ratio of particle number to vortex number) is 3/2. When a
moderate amount of a longer-range (e.g. dipolar) interaction is included, we
find clear evidence that the ground state is in a phase constructed earlier by
two of us, in which excitations possess non-Abelian statistics.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Extensive/nonextensive statistics for distributions of various charged particles produced in p+p and A+A collisions in a wide range of energies
We present a systematic study for the statistical fits of the transverse
momentum distributions of charged pions, Kaons and protons produced at energies
ranging between 7.7 and 2670 GeV to the extensive Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) and the
nonextensive statistics (Tsallis as a special type and the generic axiomatic
nonextensive approach). We also present a comprehensive review on various
experimental parametrizations proposed to fit the transverse momentum
distributions of these produced particles. The inconsistency that the BG
approach is to be utilized in characterizing the chemical freezeout, while the
Tsallis approach in determining the kinetic freezeout is elaborated. The
resulting energy dependence of the different fit parameters largely varies with
the particle species and the degree of (non)extensivity. This manifests that
the Tsallis nonextensive approach seems to work well for p+p rather than for
A+A collisions. Drawing a complete picture of the utilization of Tsallis
statistics in modeling the transverse momentum distributions of several charged
particle produced at a wide range of energies and accordingly either disprove
or though confirm the relevant works are main advantages of this review. We
propose analytical expressions for the dependence of the fit parameters
obtained on the size of the colliding system, the energy, as well as the types
of the statistical approach applied. We conclude that the statistical
dependence of the various fit parameters, especially between Boltzmann and
Tsallis approaches could be understood that the statistical analysis ad hoc is
biased to the corresponding degree of extensivity (Boltzmann) or nonextensivity
(Tsallis). Alternatively, the empirical parameterizations, the other models,
and the generic (non)extensive approach seem to relax this biasness.Comment: 42 pages, 17 figures, IX tables, submitted to JSTA
Global behavior of a fourth order difference equation
We determine the forbidden set, introduce an explicit formula for the solutions, and discuss the global behavior of solutions of a fourth order difference equation
Giant vortices in combined harmonic and quartic traps
We consider a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate confined in combined harmonic
and quartic traps, following recent experiments [V. Bretin, S. Stock, Y. Seurin
and J. Dalibard, cond-mat/0307464]. We investigate numerically the behavior of
the wave function which solves the three-dimensional Gross Pitaevskii equation.
When the harmonic part of the potential is dominant, as the angular velocities
increases, the vortex lattice evolves into a giant vortex. We also
investigate a case not covered by the experiments or the previous numerical
works: for strong quartic potentials, the giant vortex is obtained for lower
, before the lattice is formed. We analyze in detail the three
dimensional structure of vortices
Phase Separation of a Fast Rotating Boson-Fermion Mixture in the Lowest-Landau-Level Regime
By minimizing the coupled mean-field energy functionals, we investigate the
ground-state properties of a rotating atomic boson-fermion mixture in a
two-dimensional parabolic trap. At high angular frequencies in the
mean-field-lowest-Landau-level regime, quantized vortices enter the bosonic
condensate, and a finite number of degenerate fermions form the
maximum-density-droplet state. As the boson-fermion coupling constant
increases, the maximum density droplet develops into a lower-density state
associated with the phase separation, revealing characteristics of a
Landau-level structure
Energy gaps and roton structure above the nu=1/2 Laughlin state of a rotating dilute Bose-Einstein condensate
Exact diagonalization study of a rotating dilute Bose-Einstein condensate
reveals that as the first vortex enters the system the degeneracy of the
low-energy yrast spectrum is lifted and a large energy gap emerges. As more
vortices enter with faster rotation, the energy gap decreases towards zero, but
eventually the spectrum exhibits a rotonlike structure above the nu=1/2
Laughlin state without having a phonon branch despite the short-range nature of
the interaction.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Phases of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate with anharmonic confinement
We examine an effectively repulsive Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms that
rotates in a quadratic-plus-quartic potential. With use of a variational method
we identify the three possible phases of the system (multiple quantization,
single quantization, and a mixed phase) as a function of the rotational
frequency of the gas and of the coupling constant. The derived phase diagram is
shown to be universal and the continuous transitions to be exact in the limit
of weak coupling and small anharmonicity. The variational results are found to
be consistent with numerical solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
- …