Циклические нуклеотиды и патология печени

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu“, Spitalul Clinic Republican, Conferința naţională de gastroenterologie şi hepatologie cu participare internaţională ”Actualităţi în gastroenterologie şi hepatologie” 16 iunie 2016 Chișinău, Republica MoldovaCyclic nucleotides (CN) cAMP and cGMP are recognized as cell signaling molecules that control a variety of biological processes such as cell growth and adhesion, energy homeostasis, neuronal signaling and muscle relaxation. The alterations of CN signals were being observed in a number of pathophysiologic conditions, including liver disorders. In the liver, cAMP is distributed along the sinusoids and cGMP – in the nuclear elements and membranes of the hepatocytes. Their role is to mobilize the reserves of glucose and fatty acids from peripheral tissues. Alterations in the intracellular signaling process by cAMP has been shown to be involved in the pathological changes in colangiocyte: cholestatic secretory disorders and disorders associated with changes in cell proliferation, hepatocyte: advanced fi brotic processes as cirrhosis (CH), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cyclic AMP and cGMP can exert a stimulatory or inhibitory effect on cell proliferation depending on the cell type. This would suggest that disruption of intracellular signaling plays an important role in carcinogenesis. In patients with primary HCC were determined high serum levels of cAMP and cGMP. This data show the importance of studying CN as a potential cornerstone in the treatment of fibrotic processes and oncological pathologies, given the growing prevalence of this diseases worldwide, including in Moldova which leads after CH mortality index of the 192 Циклические нуклеотиды (ЦНК) цАМФ и цГМФ известны, как молекулы участвующие в передачи сигнала в клетке, которые регулируют множество биологических процессов, такие как адгезия и рост клеток, энергетический гомеостаз, передача нервного импульса, мышечное расслабление. Изменение сигналов ЦНК наблюдается в ряде патофизиологических процессов, в том числе и при патологии печени. В печени цАМФ распределен вдоль синусоидов, а цГМФ располагается в ядерных элементах и на плазматических мембранах гепатоцитов. Их роль заключается в мобилизации запасов глюкозы и жирных кислот из периферических тканей. Нарушения в процессе внутриклеточной передачи сигналов при участии цАМФ были доказаны при холестазе, холангитах и в других патологиях, связанных с изменением клеточного обмена на уровне гепатоцитов. Выраженные фиброзные изменения у больных с циррозом печени (ЦП), гепатоцеллюлярной карциномой (ГЦК). Изменяют уровень цАМФ и цГМФ, потом оказывают стимулирующее или ингибирующее действие на пролиферацию клеток в зависимости от их типа. Это позволяет предположить, что нарушение внутриклеточной передачи сигнала цАМФ и цГМФ играет важную роль при возникновении различных печеночных нарушений. При первичной ГЦК в сыворотке крови были выявлены высокие уровни цАМФ и цГМФ. Возможно нормализавания уровня ЦНК может иметъ важную роль в лечении фиброза и рака печени, распространенность которых возрастает во всем мире, в том числе и в Республике Молдова

Prevalence and molecular characterization of ticks and tick-borne pathogens of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Ticks are hematophagous arthropods responsible for maintenance and transmission of several pathogens of veterinary and medical importance. Current knowledge on species diversity and pathogens transmitted by ticks infesting camels in Nigeria is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to unravel the status of ticks and tick-borne pathogens of camels in Nigeria. METHODS: Blood samples (n = 176) and adult ticks (n = 593) were collected from one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) of both sexes in three locations (Kano, Jigawa and Sokoto states) in north-western Nigeria and screened for the presence of Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma spp. and Coxiella-like organisms using molecular techniques. All ticks were identified to species level using a combination of morphological and molecular methods. RESULTS: Ticks comprised the three genera Hyalomma, Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus. Hyalomma dromedarii was the most frequently detected tick species (n = 465; 78.4%) while Amblyomma variegatum (n = 1; 0.2%) and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (n = 1; 0.2%) were less frequent. Other tick species included H. truncatum (n = 87; 14.7%), H. rufipes (n = 19; 3.2%), H. impeltatum (n = 18; 3.0%) and H. impressum (n = 2; 0.3%). The minimum infection rates of tick-borne pathogens in 231 tick pools included Rickettsia aeschlimannii (n = 51; 8.6%); Babesia species, (n = 4; 0.7%) comprising of B. occultans (n = 2), B. caballi (n = 1) and Babesia sp. (n = 1); Coxiella burnetii (n = 17; 2.9%); and endosymbionts in ticks (n = 62; 10.5%). We detected DNA of “Candidatus Anaplasma camelli” in 40.3% of the blood samples of camels. Other tick-borne pathogens including Anaplasma marginale were not detected. Analysis of risk factors associated with both tick infestation and infection with Anaplasma spp. in the blood indicated that age and body condition scores of the camels were significant (P < 0.05) risk factors while gender was not. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports low to moderate prevalence rates of selected tick-borne pathogens associated with camels and their ticks in north-western Nigeria. The presence of zoonotic R. aeschlimannii emphasizes the need for a concerted tick control programme in Nigeria