Samiske Perspektiver i Teaterundervisningen

Denne eksamensoppgaven undersøker hvordan teaterpedagoger uten samisk bakgrunn kan utvikle undervisningsopplegg som autentisk og antidiskriminerende integrerer samiske perspektiver i teaterundervisningen. Ved å kombinere teori om antidiskriminerende pedagogikk med samiske undervisningsmetoder, tilbyr oppgaven en omfattende tilnærming for å fremme kulturell sensitivitet og forståelse blant elever. En empirisk studie kartlegger kunnskapsnivå og holdninger til samisk kultur blant videregående elever. Oppgaven konkluderer med praktiske anbefalinger for å inkludere samiske temaer i teaterundervisningen, og understreker viktigheten av kulturell respekt og autentisk representasjon

Survey of the Residue Situation in Turkish Organic Products

Since December 2011, ETO and FiBL are jointly implementing the German-Turkish Bilateral Cooperation Project Organic Agriculture. The aim of this project is to ensure and improve the quality of Turkish organic food produced for the European market. The focus of the Project is on the avoidance of unwanted residues such as pesticide contamination. The production chains for dried apricots, sultanas and hazelnuts were investigated in greater depth, and measures were developed for quality improvement. There is very little guidance from the EU Commission on how to handle residues on organic products. This has caused uncertainty about whether such residues can be tolerated at all, and if so, up to which level. In an attempt to arrive at a uniform interpretation, the European Organic Certifiers Council (EOCC) has produced a comprehensive document named the ‘EOCC residue guideline’. The Project has supported the translation of this guideline into Turkish, and a one-day seminar for CBs was conducted. The guideline is now applied by a couple of CBs in Turkey

Survey 2016 of the Residue Situation in Turkish Organic Products

Since December 2011, ETO and FiBL are jointly implementing the German-Turkish Bilateral Cooperation - Organic Agriculture. The overall aim of this project is to effectively and efficiently ensure the quality of Turkish organic food produced for the European market. Information from a representative sample of selected private operators of the organic supply chains together with official data from competent authorities about unwanted residues detected in organic products from Turkey have been determined as a major indicator for the extent of reaching the project aim. For this reason, a survey was conducted in late 2013 among German and Turkish trading companies, control bodies and the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE). The study concluded that 50 % of respondents believed that the residue situation had improved significantly since 2011. Moreover, the EU's Rapid Alert System for 2013 showed no abnormalities for Turkish organic products. Interviews during the GFA project progress audit in Turkey in June 2015 confirmed the significant reduction of residue findings and of other suspected cases in Turkish imported organic products. To hedge these findings, a further opinion poll among Central European and Turkish trading companies and institutions was carried out in the present exit phase of the project (early 2016). The same questions were used in both surveys. However, minor changes were made in 2016, to adjust to the different project phase. The objective of the second survey was to collect up-to-date data which can be used for the performance review of the project and for developments beyond the scope of the project. The second survey covered the years 2014 – 15 (after the improvement measures of the project were implemented). As a reference, the year 2011 (before the project activities were started) was also included in the second survey

Report on the status of organic agriculture and industry in Turkey

Report on the status of organic agriculture and industry in Turke

The European Regulatory Framework and its implementation in influencing organic inspection and certification systems in the EU

The report presents a review of the most important European and international legislation that set the framework for organic certification, of reports prepared by international agencies working with organic standard setting and certification, and of relevant scientific literature. It discusses problems, future challenges of the organic control systems in Europe leading to suggestions for improvement. Food quality assurance is of key importance for the future development of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU. A large number of mandatory and voluntary assurance and certification schemes exist for agriculture and in the food industry leading to the risk of increased costs for producers and confusion of consumers. Such schemes include the setting of requirements and bodies that undertake control and provide certificates. Requirements can be divided into statutory regulations regarding food safety and good agricultural practice and standards for voluntary attributes. Basic requirements of food safety, animal health and animal welfare are controlled by the Official Food and Feed Control (OFFC) systems, governed by Council Regulation (EC) 882/2004. Third party certification provides credibility to claims related to voluntary standards and is communicated to the consumers through the use of certification marks. The EU has developed a legislative basis for quality claims in relation to geographical indications, traditional specialities and organic farming and considers introducing labelling rules in relation to animal welfare, environmental impact and the origin of raw materials. Organic certification is one of a number of overlapping and competing schemes. The development of organic standards and certification in Europe started with private standards and national rules, leading to Regulation (EEC) 2092/1991. The requirements for competent authorities, control bodies and operators in this regulation regarding the control systems are reviewed. The discussion highlights the low level of knowledge among consumers of the requirements of organic certification, a weak emphasis of the control system on operator responsibility for organic integrity, issues of competition and surveillance of control bodies, a lack of consideration of risk factors in designing the inspection systems and a lack of transparency. A total revision of the European Regulations on organic production began in 2005. One important change introduced by the new Council Regulation (EC) 834/2007 for Organic Food and Farming is that the organic control system is placed under the umbrella of Council Regulation (EC) 882/2004 on Official Food and Feed Controls. Regulation (EC) 834/2007 also requires that control bodies have to be accredited according to general requirements for bodies operating product certification systems (ISO Guide 65/EN 45011). From July 2010 packaged organic products will have to carry the new EU logo as well as the compulsory indication of the control body. The report reviews the requirements for competent authorities, control bodies and operators from the various legal sources. The discussion highlights a lack of clarity on the impact of the OFFC regulation on the organic control system including how risk based inspections are to be implemented and the potential for in-consistencies in the enforcement of the regulation. A number of international initiatives concerned with the harmonisation of organic standards and to a lesser extent certification are reviewed, such as the International Task Force on Harmonisation and Equivalence (ITF)1 Two main alternative guarantee systems for organic production have been developed and researched by a number of organisations including IFOAM, ISEAL, FAO and the EU Commission. Smallholder Group Certification based on an Internal Control System (ICS) and Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) could also represent ways to minimize certification costs also for European farmers, in particular for operators that market directly or through very short supply chains. Both systems also illustrate examples of certification systems with a focus on system development and improvement. , the European Organic Certifiers Council (EOOC), the International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling Alliance (ISEAL) and the Anti-Fraud Initiative (AFI). The multilateral initiatives have led to a better understanding of current problems and the scope and limitations for harmonisation. They have also contributed to the sharing of tools and methods and the identification of best practice. Apart from organic farming the European Union has two other food quality schemes: Regulation (EC) 510/2006 on geographical indications and Regulation (EC) 509/2006 on traditional specialities. The report explores the potential for combining these with organic certification, and draws lessons for organic certification based on Italian experience. The final chapter summarises problems and challenges from the previous chapters. Suggestions for improvements of the organic control system focus on two issues: the need for further harmonisation of the surveillance of control bodies and enforcement of the regulation and how operators’ responsibility for further development of organic systems could be supported in the control and certification system