Outer automorphism groups of metabelian groups

AbstractRecall that the outer automorphism group of a group G, denoted OutG, is the quotient group AutG/InnG. If M is any group, then there exists a torsion-free, metabelian group G with trivial center such that OutG≅M. This answers a problem in the Kourovka Notebook (Mazurov, Khukhro, Unsolved problems in group theory; the Kourovka Notebook, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, 1992)

ZZE-Configuration of chromophore ß-153 in C-phycocyanin from Mastigocladus laminosus

The photochemistry of C-phycocyanin has been studied after denaturation in the dark. It shows an irreversible reaction which has characteristics of a Ζ,Ζ,Ε- to Z,Z,Z-isomerization of dihydrobilins. Its amplitude depends on the reaction conditions, with a maximum corresponding to 15% conversion of one of the three PC chromophores. This chromophore is suggested to be ß-153, for which recent X-ray data T. Schirmer, W. Bode, and R. Huber, J. Mol. Biol., submitted, show ring D being highly twisted out of the plane of the other rings. During unfolding, there is thus a probability of falling into the photochemically labile Z,Z,^-configuration

10 years of experience with autogenous microsurgical lymphvessel-transplantation

The authors report their experience with the autogenous microsurgical lymphvessel transplantation for the treatment of upper (n = 60, 55 females and 5 males) and lower (n = 35, 10 females and 25 males, primary lyphredemas = 11, secondary lymphredemas = 24) limb edemas. Regarding the volume measurements before and after lymphvessel - transplantation in 58 patients there was a reduction of volume differences between healthy and affected arms of more than the half in 76 % of the patients after a mean follow-up period of 2 1/2 years. In 28 patients with unilateral redemas of the lower extremities the volume reduction after a mean follow-up period of I 1/2 year compared to the healthy legs was more than 50 % in 20 patients. As complications in the early period 2 postoperative erysipelas were seen. One patient developed a Iymph cyst in the groin and one patient had a postthrombotic lower leg rederna. The authors conclude that lymphvessel transplantations therefore seem to be a method to enhance significantly the lymphatic transport if by conservation me ans alone no long term success is seen

Asymmetric polarity reversals, bimodal field distribution, and coherence resonance in a spherically symmetric mean-field dynamo model

Using a mean-field dynamo model with a spherically symmetric helical turbulence parameter alpha which is dynamically quenched and disturbed by additional noise, the basic features of geomagnetic polarity reversals are shown to be generic consequences of the dynamo action in the vicinity of exceptional points of the spectrum. This simple paradigmatic model yields long periods of constant polarity which are interrupted by self-accelerating field decays leading to asymmetric polarity reversals. It shows the recently discovered bimodal field distribution, and it gives a natural explanation of the correlation between polarity persistence time and field strength. In addition, we find typical features of coherence resonance in the dependence of the persistence time on the noise.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure

VLBI time-transfer using CONT08 data

One important prerequisite for geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is the use of frequency standards with excellent short term stability, i.e. hydrogen masers. This makes VLBI stations, which are often co-located with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiving stations, interesting for studies of time- and frequency-transfer techniques. In this paper we present an assessment of VLBI time-transfer based on the data of the two week long consecutive IVS Cont08 VLBI-campaign by using GPS Carrier Phase (GPSCP). Cont08 was a 15 days long campaign in August 2008 that involved eleven VLBI stations on five continents. For Cont08 we estimated the worst case VLBI time link stability between the station clocks of ONSALA and WETTZELL to about 1.5e-15 at one day. Comparisons with clock differences estimated with GPSCP confirm the VLBI results. The paper also indicates time-transfer related problems of the VLBI technique as used today. \ua9 2010 IEEE