The Application Impact of an Origanum, Anise and Citrus Oils blend in Horses Nutrition

DOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.04.103–105Received 1. July 2015 ǀ Accepted 28. August 2015 ǀ Available online 7. December 2015The aim of the paper was to analyse the origanum, anise and citrus oils blend as a potential phytogenic feed additive in horse’s nutrition. Several studies in the World analyze the effect of plant origin aromatic additives on blood serum indicators and nutrients digestibility in horses. Origanum and anise contains many chemical compounds as carvacrol, thymol and anethol, which can be beneficially in metabolism and nutrients digestion. Some studies shows, that these additives have insignificant (P>0.05) effect on blood serum indicators, but there are some studies, which reported positive significant (P<0.05) effect on serum cholesterol and triglycerides contents. The main positive effect of origanum and anise is in nutrients digestibility improving. These herbs can improve the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen free extract, crude fibre, ADV and NDV (P<0.05), as well as Mg and K from feed rations (P<0.05). Some antagonistic results published in this area can be affecting in dosage of active compounds, which have often antinutritive effects.Keywords: equine, additives, aromatic plants, feed rationsReferencesCAPCAROVÁ, M. and KOLESÁROVÁ, A. (2010) Beneficial substances affecting internal milieu of animals. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture.EPP, T.S. et al. (2005) The effect of herbal supplementation on the severity of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage. In J. Equine and Comp. Exerc. Physiol., vol. 2, pp. 17-25.FORS, M. 2009. Herbs for horses. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Science.GÁLIK, B. et al. (2011) The effect of phytoadditives on macroelements digestibility of sport horses. In J. Centr. Europ. Agricul., vol. 12, pp. 390-397. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/14.3.1308GÁLIK, B. et al. (2012a) The effect of phytogenic additive on in vivo saccharides digestibility of sport horses. In Pharm. Comm., vol. 2, pp. 3-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pc.2013.1.2GÁLIK, B. et al. (2012b) The effect of different macromineral intakes on mineral metabolism of sport horses. In Acta Vet. Brno, vol. 81, pp. 113-117. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201281020113GÁLIK, B. (2012c) The effect of fytogenic feed addtives on nutrients utilization in non-ruminants: Assoc. Prof. thesis. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture (in Slovak)GÁLIK, B. et al. (2013) The effect of phytoadditives on biochemical indicators and nutrients digestibility in sport horses. In J. Centr. Europ. Agricul., vol. 14, pp. 219-227. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/14.3.1308KAMEL, C. (2000) Natural plant extracts: Classical remedies bring modern animal production solutions. In Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on sow feed manufacturing in the Mediterranean region, Reus, March 22-24, 2000. Reus: Spain, pp. 31-38.MORGAN, L.M. et al. (2007) Effect of yeast culture supplementation on digestibility of varying forage quality in mature horses. In J. Equine Vet. Sci., vol. 27, pp. 260-265.PEARSON, W. et al. (2007) Pilot study investigating the ability an herbal composite to alleviate clinical sings of respiratory dysfunction in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. In Can. J. Vet. Res., vol. 71, pp. 145-151.STRAKOVÁ, E. et al. (2007) Positive effect of plant-based diet on the performance and health of laying hens. In Acta Vet. Brno, vol. 76,pp. 31-37. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200776S8S031STEINER, T. (2006) Managing gut health: Natural growth promoters as a key to animal performance. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.Steiner, T. (2009) Phytogenics in animal nutrition: Natural concepts to optimize gut health and performance. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.SUCHÝ, P. et al. (2002) Replacement of animal origin feed by plant origin feed in the diet of broiler chickens. In Czech J. Anim. Sci., vol. 47, pp. 365-373.TURNER, K.K. et al. (2006) Bee pollen product supplementation to horses in training seems to improve feed intake: a pilot study. In J Anim. Physiol. Nutr., vol. 90, pp. 414-420. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2006.00621.xWINDISH, W. et al. (2008) Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. In J. Anim. Sci., vol. 86, pp. 140-148. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0459.ZENG, Z. et al. (2015) Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: a review. In J. Anim. Sci. Biotech, vol. 6, pp. 1-10. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-015-0004-

Vplyv fytogénneho aditíva na ukazovatele krvného séra a profilu mastných kyselín v mäse výkrmových moriek

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a phytogenic additive on blood serum indicator levels and fatty acids profile of breast, leg muscles and liver in fattening turkeys. The experiment was realized in private turkey farm and in the Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. A total of 300 clinically healthy female turkeys (broad-breasted white turkey, hybrid XL) were used in the experiment. Female turkeys were randomly divided into two groups (150 pcs per each). In the control group, turkey were fed with standard complete feed mixtures for fattening, in the experimental group, standard diets from the beginning to 12th week were supplemented with the a blend of essential oils from origanum, anise and citrus fruits as well as a prebiotic rich fructooligosaccharides in dosage 1kg per 1000 kg of feed mixture. Fattening lasted 18 weeks. Blood serum was collected at the end of the experiment, during the slaughter of birds. Samples of breast and leg muscles, and liver for fatty acids composition evaluation were collected during birds dissection (10 samples per each group). After the 12 weeks of phytoadditive supplementation, a tendency of lower activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (53.963 vs. 3.499 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (6.238 vs. 1.012 U/L) in experimental group of turkeys was found (P 0.01) content of cis-8,11,14-eicosadienoic and arachidonic acids. The phytoadditive supplementation significantly (P < 0.01) decreased content of some unsaturated fatty acids in turkeys tissues, as well. In experimental group of turkey have been recorded lower level of elaidic and oleic acids in the breast muscle and cis-11,14-eicosadienoic and arachidonic acids in the liver, compare to birds from control group.Cieľom práce bolo determinovanie vplyvu fytogénneho aditíva na ukazovatele krvného sera a profil mastných kyselín v prsnom, stehennom svale a pečeni výrkmových moriek. Experiment bol realizovaný na privátnej farme moriek a Katedre výživy zvierat, Fakulta agrobiológie a potravinových zdrojov, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre. Celkom bolo v pokuse sledovaných 300 klinicky zdravých samíc moriek (morka biela širokoprsá, hybrid XL). Samice moriek boli rozdelené do dvoch skupín (150 ks v každej skupine). V kontrolnej skupine boli morky kŕmené štandardnými kompletnými kŕmnymi zmesami pre výkrm moriek, v pokusnej skupine boli morky kŕmené identicky, avšak prvých 12 týždňov s kŕmnymi zmesami obohatenými o zmes esenciálnych olejov z oregano, anízu, citrusových plodov a prebioticky obohatenými fruktooligosacharidmi v koncentrácii 1 kg na 1000 kg kŕmnej zmesi. Výkrm trval 18 týždňov. Krv bolo odobratá na konci experimentu po porážke moriek. Vzorky prsných a stehených svalov, ako aj pečene pre stanovenie profilu mastných kyselín boli odobraté počas jatočnej rozrábky (10 vzoriek z každej skupiny). Po 12 týždňovej suplementácii fytogénnym aditívom bola zistená tendencia nižšej aktivity sérovej alanín aminotransferázy (53,963 vs. 3,499 U/L) a aspartát aminotransferázy (6,238 vs. 1,012 U/L) v pokusnej skupine moriek (P 0,01) obsah cis 8,11,14 kyseliny eikosadiénovej a arachidónovej. Fytogénne aditívum preukazne (P < 0,01) znížilo obsah niektorých nenasýtených mastných kyselín u moriek. V pokusnej skupine moriek sa zistil nižší obsah kyseliny elaidovej a olejovej v prsnom svale a cis-11,14- eikosadiénovej a arachidónovej kyseliny v pečeni v porovnaní s kontrolnou skupinou

The quality of farm-scale alfalfa silages

Received: 2015-11-03   |   Accepted: 2016-01-29   |   Available online: 2016-05-30dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.02.54-58The aim of the work was to determine the nutritive and fermentation quality of farm-scale alfalfa silages from West part of Slovakia, analyzed in 2014 on the Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. In alfalfa silages, we found the average dry mater content 372.66 g.kg-1, while 30 % of samples had lower dry mater content than 350 g.kg-1. Only 15 % of samples had higher content of crude protein than 200 g. We don't found content of ADF lower than 300 g.kg-1 of DM in any sample. In alfalfa silages was higher content of NDF than 37.5 % in 70 % of alfalfa silages. The lactic acid content was higher than 10 g of the original mater in all samples except one, ranged from 0.73 to 14.67 % on a dry matter basis. Average content of acetic acid was 29.82 g.kg-1 of DM. Undesirable butyric acid was found in 35 % of samples with average content 8.44 g.kg-1 of DM, with maximal content 108.25 g.kg-1 of DM.Keywords: alfalfa, silage, nutritive value, fermentation, qualityReferencesBaumont, R. (1996) Palatability and feeding behaviour in ruminants. A review. Annales de Zootechnie, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 385-400. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/animres:19960501Bíro, D. et al. (2010) Influence of bacterial-enzyme additive on fermentation process of faba bean, alfalfa and oat mixture silages. In Forage Conservation. Brno 17-19.3. 2010. Brno: Mendel University, pp. 145-147.Bíro, D. et al. (2014) Conservation and Adjustment of Feed. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture (in Slovak).Daniel, J. L. P. et al. (2013) Performance of dairy cows fed high levels of acetic acid or ethanol. Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 398-406.  doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5451Doležal, P. et al. (2012) Feed Conservation. Olomouc: Petr Baštan (in Czech).Gerlach, K. et al. (2014) Aerobic exposure of grass silages and its impact on dry matter intake and preference by goats. Small Ruminant Research, vol. 117, no. 2-3, pp. 131-141. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.12.033Huhtanen,  P. et al. (2002) Prediction of the relative intake potential of grass silage by dairy cows. Livestock Production Science, vol. 73, no. 2-3, pp. 111-130. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00279-2Charmley, E. (2001) Towards improved silage quality. A review. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 157-168. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/CJAS10071Jendrišáková, S. (2010) Determination of protein digestible in intestine by NIRS-method in forages for ruminants. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 54-57. Retrieved from http://www.slpk.sk/acta/docs/2010/afz02-10/jendrisakova.pdfKung, L. and Shaver, R. (2001) Interpretation and use of silage fermentation analysis reports. Focus on Forage, vol. 3, no. 13, pp.1-5.Kung, L. (2010) Understanding the biology of silage preservation to maximize quality and protect the environment. In Proceedings, 2010 California Alfalfa & Forage Symposium and Corn/Cereal Silage Conference. Visalia, California 1-2. 12. 2010. University of California, pp. 1-14.Mitrík, T. (2010) Evaluation of quality and nutritive value of forage : Ph.D. Thesis. Košice: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy,. pp.126-130.Muck R. E., Moser, L. E. and Pitt, R. E. (2003) Postharvest factors affecting ensiling. In: Buxton, D. et al. (eds) Silage Science and Technology. No. 42 in the series Agronomy. Madison: Wisconsin, pp. 251-304.Pajtáš, M. et al. (2009) Nutrition and animal feeding. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (in Slovak).Petrikovič, P. et al. (2000) Nutritive value of feed I. part. Nitra: Research institute of animal production (in Slovak).Rajčáková, Ľ. and Mlynár, R. (2009) The principles of use of the potential of silage and preservative additives in the production of high quality and hygienically safe conserved feed. [Online]. Retrieved May 29, 2015 from http://www.cvzv.sk/pdf/Konzervacia-a-silazovanie-krmiv/Silazovanie-metodicka%20prirucka.pdf (in Slovak).Regulation of the Government of Slovak Republic no. 439/2006, appendix no.7, part G, Nutritive value of feeds (in Slovak).Regulation of the Slovak Ministry of Agriculture no. 2136/2004-100 about sampling of feeds and about laboratory testing and evaluation of feeds. (in Slovak).SAS Institute Inc. (2008) SAS/STAT® 9.2 User's Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.Seglar, B. (2003) Fermentation analysis and silage quality testing. In Proceedings of the Minnesota Dairy Health Conference College of Veterinary Medicine. University of Minnesota, pp.119-136. [Online].  Retrieved May 29, 2015 from http://www.cvm.umn.edu/dairy/prod/groups/cvm/@pub/@cvm/documents/asset/cvm_22260.pdfShaver, R. D. (2013) Practical application of new forage quality tests. [Online].  Retrieved May 29, 2015 from http://ext100.wsu.edu/wallawalla/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2013/07/New-Forage-Quality-Tests.pdfSchmidt, P. et al. (2014) Effects of Lactobacillus buchneri on the nutritive value of sugarcane silage for finishing beef bulls. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, vol. 43, no.1, pp. 8-13. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982014000100002 Steinshamn, H. (2010) Effect of forage legumes on feed intake, milk production and milk quality – a review. Animal Science Papers and Reports, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 195-206. Retrieved from http://www.ighz.edu.pl/?p0=5&p1=34&o=2998Škultéty, M. (1999) Evaluation of quality in silages. In Forage conservation. Nitra 6.-8. 9. 1999. Nitra: Research Institute of Animal Production, pp. 46-49 (in Slovak).Tabacco, E. et al. (2002) Effect of cutting frequency on dry matter yield and quality of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in the Po Valley. Italian Journal of Agronomy, vol. 6, no.1, pp. 27-33. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228598490_Effect_of_cutting_frequency_on_dry_matter_yield_and_quality_of_lucerne_Medicago_sativa_L_in_the_Po_ValleyTabacco, E. et al. (2006) Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage. Journal of  Dairy Science, vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 4736-4746. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72523-1Van Saun, R. J. (2008) Troubleshooting silage problems: how to identify potential problems. [Online].  Retrieved May 29, 2015 from http://extension.psu.edu/animals/health/metabolic-profiling/bibliography/Bunksilo.pdfVyskočil, I. et al. (2008) Pocket catalog of feedstuffs. [Online].  Retrieved May 29, 2015 from http://web2.mendelu.cz/pcentrum/publikace/53_kapesni_katalog_krmiv.pdf (in Czech).Ward, R.T. (2008) Fermentation analysis of silage: use and interpretation. [Online].  Retrieved May 29, 2015 from http://www.foragelab.com/media/fermentation-silage-nfmp-oct-2008.pd

The effect of pumpkin and flaxseed oils on selected parameters of laying hens performance

DOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.03.96-99Received 13. May 2014 ǀ Accepted 11. July 2014 ǀ Available online 27. August 2014The aim of the study was to analyze the dietary effect of pumpkin and flaxseed oils on performance parameters of laying hens. Lohmann Brown Lite hens were randomly divided to three groups. Total 12 hens (6 per group) were monitored. Hens in control group (C) were fed by standard diet. First group (E1) was fed by feed mixture supplemented with pumpkin oil, and second group (E2) with flaxseed oil. Total were gained 244 eggs from C, 277 eggs from E1 and 228 eggs from E2. Average daily production was 4.84 eggs per day in control group, 5.31 eggs in first experimental group and 4.39 eggs in second experimental group.  Average weight of eggs was 62.88 g in group with standard feed mixture, 64.62 g in group with pumpkin oil supplementation and 65.28 g in group with flaxseed oil supplementation. After oil supplementation, were significant (P0.05). In egg´s production was significant (P<0.05) difference only between experimental groups.Key words: nutrition, additives, oils, eggs, layin

The effect of essential oils on quality and mineral composition of eggshell

Received: 2016-07-18 | Accepted: 2016-10-26 | Available online: 2017-06-20http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.01.36-40The aim of study was to analyse the dietary effect of pumpkin and flaxseed oils on quality and mineral composition of laying hens eggshell.  At 38 weeks of age, Lohmann Brown Lite hens were housed in three-floor cages, divided into three dietary groups (C-control, E1-pumpkin oil (3 %), E2-flaxseed oil (3 %)). There were housed six hens in one cage. A total 18 hens were monitored. In the control group hens were fed with standard complete feed mixture for laying hens and in the experimental groups by feed mixtures with supplementation of pumpkin or flaxseed oils. Vitamin E was added into feed mixture in the experimental groups. The experiment lasted 52 days. Twelve eggs from each dietary treatment were randomly selected and analyzed. Significant (P < 0.05) differences between control and both experimental groups in eggshell strength and eggshell thickness were found. Pumpkin and flaxseed oil supplementations in feed ratio of layers had positive impact on quality of eggshell. As regards the mineral composition of eggshell, significantly (P ˂ 0.05) lower contents of magnesium, sodium, potassium and copper in experimental groups compared to the control were observed in eggshell. Significant (P ˂ 0.05) differences in content of calcium were detected only between E1 (pumpkin addition) and E2 (flaxseed addition).Keywords: eggshell, feed mixture, flaxseed oil, minerals, pumpkin oil References ANDJELKOVIC, M. et al. (2010) Phenolic compounds and some quality parameters of pumpkin seed oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, vol. 112, pp. 208-217. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200900021AOAC. (2000). Official methods of analysis. Washington: Association of official analytical chemists.ARPÁŠOVÁ, H. et al. (2014) The influence of oregano essential oil and Rhus coriaria L. on qualitative parameters and microbiological indicators of hens eggs content. Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 6-12.ARPÁŠOVÁ, H. et al. (2015) The effect of selected feed additives on the shell qualitative parameters of table eggs. Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 6-10.AYDIN, R., PARIZA, M. W. and COOK, M. E. (2001) Olive oil prevents the adverse effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on chick hatchability and egg quality. The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 800-806.BAR, A., VAX, E. and STRIEM, S. (1999) Relationships among age eggshell thickness and vitamin D metabolism and its expression in the laying hen. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology – Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, vol. 123, pp. 147-154.BOTSOGLOU, N. et al. (2005) The effect of feeding rosemary, oregano, saffron and alpha-tocopheryl acetate on hen performance and oxidative stability of eggs. South African Journal of Animal Science, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 143-151.European Commission (2007): Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 of 28 June 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic and repealing regulation (EEC), 2092/91. Official Journal, L 189, 20/07/2007, pp.1-23.FAITARONE, A. B. G. et al. (2013) Cholesterol levels and nutritional composition of commercial layers eggs fed diets with different vegetable oils. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 31-38.HASHEMI, J. M. (2013) Pumpkin seed oil and vitamin E improve reproductive function of male rats inflicted by testicular injury. World Applied Sciences Journal, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1351-1359. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.23.10.13153HERKEĽ, R. et al. (2016) The effect of a phytogenic additive on nutritional composition of turkey meat. Journal of Central European Agriculture, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 25-39. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/17.1.1664CHERIAN, G., CAMPBELL, A. and PARKER, T. (2009) Egg quality and lipid composition of eggs from hens fed Camelina sativa. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, vol. 18, pp.143-150. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2008-00070CHETTY, K. N. et al. (2004) Garlic induced alteration in liver mineral concentrations in corn oil and olive oil fed rats. Pathophysiology, vol. 11, pp. 129-131.KÓŇA, J., ĎUROVKA, M. and TANCÍK, J. (2007) Pumpkin vegetables. Nitra: Garmond. 148 p.KUCUKERSAN, K., YESILBAG, D. and KUCUKERSAN, S. (2010) Influence of different dietary oil sources on performance and cholesterol content of egg yolk in laying hens. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, vol. 4, pp. 117-122.LI-CHAN, E. C. Y. and KIM, H. O. (2008) Structure and chemical composition of eggs. In: MINE, Y (Ed.). Egg bioscience and biotechnology, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, pp. 1-8.LOKAEWMANEE, K. et al. (2014) Eggshell quality, eggshell structure and small intestinal histology in laying hens fed dietary Pantoea-6 and plant extracts. Italian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 13, pp. 332-339. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2014.3163NAGY, J. et al. (2009) Hygiene of poultry meat, eggs and venison. Košice: Editorial Centre of University of Veterinary Medicine, pp. 291–338.NYS, Y. et al. (1999) Avian eggshell mineralization. Poultry and Avian Biology Reviews, vol. 10, pp. 143-166.PANDA, A., RAMA, R. S. and RAJU, M. (2009) Phytobiotics, a natural growth promoter. Poultry international, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 10-11.PARK, J. H., UPADHAYA, S. D. and KIM, I. H. (2015) Effect of dietary Marine Microalgae (Schizochytrium) powder on egg production, blood lipid profiles, egg quality, and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in layers. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 391-397. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0463SHAKOOR, H. I. et al. (2002) Effect of feeding canola and soybean oils on serum lipid profile in commercial layers. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, vol. 22, pp. 48-51.SHAKOOR, H. I. et al. (2003) Comparative study on the effects of feeding canola and soybean oils on egg production and cholesterol in commercial layers. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, vol. 23, pp. 22-26.STEVENSON, D. G. et al. (2007) Oil and tocopherol content and composition of pumpkin seed oil in 12 cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. vol. 55, pp. 4005-4013.SUGINO, H., NITODA, T. and JUNEJA, L. R. (1997) General chemical composition of hen eggs. In: YAMAMOTO, T. et al. (eds.). Hen eggs: Their basic and applied science. New York: CRC Press, pp. 13-24.TŮMOVÁ, E., GOUS, R. M. and TYLER, N. (2014) Effect of hen age, environmental temperature, and oviposition time on egg shell quality and egg shell and serum mineral contents in laying and broiler breeder hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 435-443.ZELENKA, J.  et al. (2008) The effect of dietary linseed oils with different fatty acid pattern on the content of fatty acids in chicken meat. Veterinarni Medicina, no. 2, pp. 77-85.ZHANG, Z. F. and KIM, I. H. (2014) Effects of dietary olive oil on egg quality, serum cholesterol characteristics, and yolk fatty acid concentrations in laying hens. Journal of Applied Animal Research, vol. 42, pp. 233-237. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2013.822815ZHAO, G. et al. (2007) Dietary α-linolenic acid inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hypercholesterolemic subjects. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 385–391

Vplyv fytogénného aditíva na nutričné zloženie mäsa moriek

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of a blend of phytogenic additive on nutritional and mineral composition of breast, thigh muscles and liver in fattening turkeys. A total 300 female turkeys were monitored in the trial. 1-day old broad-breasted white turkeys hybrid XL were randomly divided into two groups (150 pcs per each). Turkeys in control group were fed by standard diet for fattening and in experimental group from the 1st to the 12th week by complete feed mixture with supplementation of a blend of essential oils from origanum, anise and citrus fruits as well as a prebiotic rich fructooligosaccharides in dosage 1 kg per 1000 kg of feed mixture. Turkeys were housed in group on deep litter. Experiment lasted 18 weeks. Samples of breast and thigh muscles, and liver for nutritional analysis were collected during turkey’s dissection (10 samples per each group). After the determination of nutrients, there were found significant (P 0.05) content of DM and fat was recorded in liver. After analysis the macro and microelements, significant (P 0.05) concentrate only in content of manganese in experimental group. Occurrence of manganese was not observed in both muscles.Cieľom štúdie bolo analyzovanie vplyvu zmesi fytogenného aditíva na živinové a minerálne zloženie v prsnom svale, stehennom svale a pečeni výkrmových moriek. V pokuse bolo monitorovaných celkovo 300 jedincov samíc moriek. Morky plemena mäsový medzilíniový úžitkový kríženec morka širokoprsá biela, hybrid XL, vo veku 1 deň boli rozdelené do dvoch skupín (150 kusov v každej skupine). Morkám v kontrolnej skupine bola skrmovaná štandardná kompletná kŕmna zmes pre výkrm a v experimentálnej skupine od 1. do 12. týždňa bola skrmovaná kompletná krmná zmes s prídavkom zmesi esenciálnych olejov z oregana, anízu, citrusových plodov a prebioticky obohatená o fruktooligosacharidy v dávke 1 kg na 1000 kg kŕmnej zmesi. Morky boli ustajnené skupinovo na hlbokej podstielke. Pokus trval 18 týždňov. Vzorky prsného svalu, stehenného svalu a pečene, určené na analýzu živín, boli odobrané počas jatočnej rozrábky (10 vzoriek z každej skupiny). Po stanovení obsahu živín boli zistené signifikantné (P ˂ 0.05) rozdiely medzi kontrolnými a experimentalnými vzorkami prsných svalov a to v obsahu dusikatých látok a tuku. Štatisticky významné (P ˂ 0.05) rozdiely sme spozorovali vo všetkých analyzovaných vzorkách stehenného svalu. Fytoaditívny prídavok výrazne (P ˂ 0.05) zvýšil obsah dusikatých látok v prsnom (z 91.13 na 93.7%) a stehennom svale (z 79.78 na 85.73%) a popolovín v stehennom svale (z 4.25 na 4.61%). Tendencia vyššieho (P ˃ 0.05) obsahu sušiny a tuku bola zaznamenaná v pečeni. Po analýze makro a mikroprvkov sme zistili významné (P ˂ 0.05) rozdiely v obsahu všetkých minerálnych látok okrem draslíka a mangánu. V porovnaní s kontrolnou skupinou, v pokusnej skupine boli zistené významne (P ˂ 0.05) vyššie množstvá zinku vo vzorkách prsných svalov, horčíku a medi vo vzorkách stehenných svalov. V experimentálnej skupine vo vzorkách z pečene bola zistená vyššia (P ˃ 0.05) koncentrácia iba v obsahu mangánu. Výskyt mangánu nebol spozorovaný ani v jednom zo svalov

The effect of essential oils on performance of laying hens

Herbs, spices and their extracts (botanicals) have a wide range of activities. May have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal microflora of animals, performance and quality of animal products. In this experiment the effects of supplementation of the diet for laying hens with different doses of thyme or oregano essential oil addition on body weight, feed consumption and egg production were studied. Hens of laying hybrid Hy-Line Brown (n=50) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10) and fed for 20 weeks with diets with thyme or oregano essential oil supplemented. In the control group hens received feed mixture with no additions. The diets in the first and  second experimental groups were supplemented with 0.5 ml/kg or 1.0 ml/kg thyme essential oil. The diets in the third and fourth experimental groups were supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0 ml/kg oregano essential oil.  Average body weight for the whole period was in the order of the groups 1791.2±80.83; 1809.0±66.88; 1742.6±65.43;   1819.1±78.54 and 1803.9± 98.00 g (P>0.05). In the feed consumption per feeding day, per egg, or in the feed conversion were observed statistically non-significant differences compared to the control group (P>0.05). Number of eggs per hen during the reporting period was in order of the groups: 135.6; 140.7; 139.1; 137.3 and 138.5 pcs at an average intensity of laying 90.4; 93.80; 92.73; 91.53 and 92.33%. The results suggest that the body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, egg production, egg mass and egg weight were not significantly influenced with thyme or oregano oil addition (P>0.05)

Effect of daily diet change from the start of lactation to the peak of lactation diet on ruminal pH with pH courses and changes during the feed day

The aim of the study was to find the effect of daily diet change from the start of lactation diet (SL) to the peak of lactation diet (PL) taking account into the lactation number (2nd lactation – groups S2L, P2L; 3rd lactation – groups S3L, P3L) using continuous monitoring of ruminal pH using e-bolus at school experimental farm in Oponice. Animals (7 Holstein cows) were fed once with Total Mix Ratio ad libitum (between 4:00 and 5:00) and milked 3 times per day (6:00, 12:00 and 18:00). The bolus which was implemented through Esophagus measured pH and temperature values every 15 minutes (96 data points per day) with accuracy ± 0.1 pH. Data were downloaded and collected with HathorHBClient v. 1.8.1 and statistically evaluated with IBM SPSS v. 20.0 (One-way ANOVA, Tukey Test, Indipendent Samples T-Test). The statistically significant difference (0.74%; P < 0.01) in the daily pH mean between SL and PL diet was found. Dairy cows in the SL group had average pH 6.30 ± 0.34 and in the PL group 6.25 ± 0.33. The daily pH mean of dairy cows in the 2nd lactation 6.45 ± 0.28 (S2L), 6.39 ± 0.25 (P2L) and in the 3rd lactation 6.14 ± 0.32 (S3L), 6.14 ± 0.34 (P3L) was determined. In the S3L (1.12 ± 1.20%) and P3L (1.19 ± 1.19%) group faster decrease of pH values during 6 hours after feeding than in the S2L (0.75 ± 0.41%) and in the P2L (0.55 ± 0.34%) group was found. During night better recover ability of pH values in the S3L (1.62 ± 0.88%) and P3L (2.10 ± 0.90%) group than in the S2L (1.00 ± 0.57%) and in the P2L (1.11 ± 0.70%) group per hour was observed. Overall 8.9% of measured pH under 5.8 in the SL group and 11.9% in the PL group was found. The S2L group had pH under the threshold 5.8 from measured values 1.6% and P2L group only 1.1%. On the other side the pH values in the S3L group formed 16.3% and in the P3L group 20.8%

The effect of aerobic exposure on nutritive value and fermentation parameters of maize silage

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of 24 hours aerobic exposure on the nutritive value and fermentation parameters of maize silage under operating conditions in autumn. The maize silage was treated with the addition of granulated biological silage additive (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus) in a 0.25 kg*t-1 dose of matter. The maize silage was stored in unsheltered, impassable 36x23x6m silo, covered with thin translucent underlying sheet and black upper sheet with tires laid on the top at the University farm, Ltd. Kolíňany – large scale dairy farm Oponice. Sampling of the silage from silo was realized by block cutter on 5th of October 2011 at 4 a.m. (before feeding) and subsequently, maize silage was stored at the feeding table in dairy cow's stall. The sampling of the maize silage happened immediately after collection (H0) and after 24 hours of storage at the feeding table (H24). The air temperature in dairy cow's stall was 13.5 °C (H0) and after 24 hours of storage (H24) 15 °C. The temperature of the silage in 30cm depth was 28 °C (H0) and 40.3 °C (H24). After 24 hours of aerobic exposure, the content of dry matter, starch, hemicelluloses and neutral detergent fiber in maize silage was statistically significantly (P < 0.05) increased. Our results indicate a reduction in vitro organic matter digestibility and a decrease in energy and nitrogen values during aerobic exposure. We found statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in lactic acid content, the degree of proteolysis and an increase in acetic acid (by 41%) in maize silage with Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus during 24 hours aerobic exposure