CFD Modeling of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine using Actuator Cylinder Theory

This paper studies the flow field and power generation from a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) by extending the Actuator Cylinder Model to include the viscous effects. Turbulent flow effects in the actuator cylinder model are modeled by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model in ANSYS FLUENT. A study is performed to establish mesh independence of the solutions. Numerical solutions on a fine mesh are compared to existing theoretical results based on inviscid theory for a series of flow conditions and turbine sizes. Similar trends in the present turbulent flow results are found as in the inviscid results for downstream velocity and pressure profiles. The Betz limit is found not to be applicable to the Vertical Axis Wind Turbines. To consider wake interactions, the Actuator Cylinder Model is extended to two turbine cases. Differences between the present numerical results and inviscid theory are discussed

Improved Penalized Likelihood Reconstruction of Anatomically Correlated Mmission Data

This paper presents a method for incorporating anatomical NMR boundary side information into penalized maximum likelihood (PML) emission image reconstructions. The NMR boundary is parameterized as a periodic spline curve of fixed order and number of knots that is known a priori. Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the spline coefficients yields an “extracted” boundary, which is used to define a set of Gibbs weights on the emission image space. These weights, when coupled with a quadratic penalty function, create an edge-preserving penalty that incorporates our prior knowledge effectively. Qualitative analysis demonstrates that our method results in smooth images that do not suffer loss of edge contrast, while quantitative estimates of bias and variance for various values of the smoothing parameter show an improvement over standard quadratically penalized maximum likelihood.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86028/1/Fessler138.pd

Estudo das relações de troca do melão produzido na região do Submédio São Francisco.

O estudo teve como objetivo determinar a relação de troca do melão produzido e comercializado na região do Submédio São Francisco e do fertilizante superfosfato simples que é um dos insumos utilizado em maior quantidade na sua exploração. Os valores da série histórica que corresponde ao período de 1999 a 2005, foram corrigidos pelo Índice Geral de Preços da Fundação Getúlio Vargas. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que de março até junho as relações de troca produto/insumo são favoráveis ao produtor, o contrário, ocorrendo durante todos os demais meses do ano. O Mês de maio registrou o maior ganho para o produtor, enquanto em dezembro ocorre a relação mais desfavorável. A análise global da série histórica revela que praticamente não há perda nem ganho no poder de compra do produtor de melão, visto que, o índice médio geral da relação de troca do período está apenas 0,9% acima do índice do ano critério do estudo, que é o ano inicial da série.Edição dos Anais do 47. Congresso Brasileiro de Olericultura; 4. Simpósio Brasileiro sobre Cucurbitáceas, Porto Seguro, ago. 2007

Interactions of asbestos-activated macrophages with an experimental fibrosarcoma

Supernatants from in vivo asbestos-activated macrophages failed to show any cytostatic activity against a syngeneic fibrosarcoma cell line in vitro. UICC chrysotile-induced peritoneal exudate cells also failed to demonstrate any growth inhibitory effect on the same cells in Winn assays of tumor growth. Mixing UICC crocidolite with inoculated tumor cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth; this could, however, be explained by a direct cytostatic effect on the tumor cells of high doses of crocidolite, which was observed in vitro

Calidad de carne porcina. Evaluación de propiedades tecnológicas de la res en cerdos alimentados con sorgo termoprocesado en la Región Semiárida Pampeana

Three factors are relevant to consumer's meat quality the tenderness, juiciness and flavor. Objective measurements are related to them as the pH1 and pH24 (1 and 24 hours post mortem), intramuscular lipid content and tenderness, latter as determined by the water asset capacity and cut force of Longissimus dorsi muscle. The pH is associated with tenderness and pH1 (5.5 - 6.3) is generally suitable for fresh meat supply. On the other hand the acidity is linked with quality pork sausage cooked and dry. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether to process the grain sorghum pressure - high temperature prior to inclusion in the diets of growing and finíshing pigs. can improve carcass quality compared to raw corno The pH of the 1st hour and after 24 hours was significantly different in the control diet of corn relative to sorghum, aspect that determines a meat less water retention in fresh and best resistance to cutting to have less tenderness. Pigs fed sorghum treated exposed carcass best for fresh consumption, for its slow decrease of pH in the first 24 hours, by greater water retention in fresh meat, as measured at water loss by cooking and tenderness of the cut.Son tres los factores relevantes de calidad cárnea para los consumidores terneza, jugosidad y aroma. Las mediciones objetivas que están relacionadas con ellas son pH1 y pH24 (1 Y 24 horas post mortem), contenido de Iípidos intramusculares y terneza, estos últimos se determinan por la capacidad de retención de agua y fuerza de corte del músculo Longissimus dorsi. El pH está asociado con la terneza, en general pH1 (5,5 - 6,3) está indicado para oferta de carne fresca. La acidez en tanto está ligada con la calidad para fiambres cocidos y secos. La finalidad de esta investigación fue determinar si el procesamiento de grano de sorgo por calor - presión, previo a la inclusión en las dietas de cerdos en crecimiento y terminación, permite mejorar la calidad de la carcasa respecto al maíz crudo. El pH de la 10 hora y después de 24 horas fue significativamente diferente en la dieta testigo de maíz respecto a las de sorgo, aspecto que determina una carne con menor retención de agua en fresco y mayor resistencia al corte al poseer menor terneza. Los cerdos alimentados con sorgos tratados expusieron reses óptimas para el consumo fresco por su lenta caída del pH en las primeras 24 horas, por su mayor retención de agua en la carne fresca, medido a través de las pérdidas de agua por cocción y la terneza al corte

Study of Charmonia near the deconfining transition on an anisotropic lattice with O(a) improved quark action

We study hadron properties near the deconfining transition in the quenched lattice QCD simulation. This paper focuses on the heavy quarkonium states, such as $J/\psi$ meson. In order to treat heavy quarks at $T>0$, we adopt the $O(a)$ improved Wilson action on anisotropic lattice. We discuss $c\bar{c}$ bound state observing the wave function and compare the meson correlators at above and below $T_c$. Although we find a large change of correlator near the $T_c$, the strong spatial correlation which is almost the same as confinement phase survives even $T\sim 1.5T_c$.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure