Association studies in barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumenetacea (Roxb.) Link) for early maturity and yield contributing traits at high altitude region

Barnyard millet is an under-utilized minor millet which is being popularized nowadays bestowing with high nutrient content in grains. Fourty genotypes were evaluated in high altitude region to determine the correlation and path coefficient among the yield and yield attributing traits. Correlation analysis evinced that grain yield per plant had positive significant correlation with agro-morphological traits viz., plant height, days to flowering, days to maturity, number of nodes, stem diameter, length of flag leaf, width of flag leaf, length of inflorescence, width of inflorescence, length of lower racemes, number of racemes and thousand grain weight. The trait length of peduncle alone expressed negative significance with grain yield. The path coefficient estimation indicated that stem diameter had exposed high magnitude of direct effect on grain yield. Henceforth, the direct selection based on the flawless relationship between grain yield and these traits would benefit in selecting high yielding genotypes

Diversity and stability studies in barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb).Link.) germplasm for grain yield and its contributing traits

Nutritionally, Barnyard millet is an important crop, it is probably originated in central Asia and spread from central Asia to Europe and America. Climate change will alert an extra constrains as many parts of the country are becoming drier with increasingly severe weather patterns. Developing better barnyard millet cultivars is always placing as an important strategy in crop improvement. This study was focused to evaluate the phenotypic diversity and stability of barnyard millet germplasm for yield and its attributing traits. Diversity as revealed by D2 analysis indicated that the trait grain yield had contributed maximum towards the diversity followed by days to maturity. The accessions M5P1, M36P1 and M37P1 exhibited the highest mean values for grain yield per plant, but no significance difference was found comparing checks. Stability analysis revealed that none of the accessions were showed stable performance, indicated that influence of environmental factors played a major role

Genetic variability of early flowering and yield contributing traits in Barnyard Millet [Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb). Link] grown at different altitudes

131-136Barnyard millet is an important up surging minor millet in Asia countries for food and nutritional security. Being a minor crop, the genetics and inheritance of the traits need to understand, for effective utilization in the crop improvement programmes. Here, we investigated the genetic background and inheritance of different traits in barnyard millet genotypes. Forty germplasm accessions were evaluated in different ecological environments of southern India for 17 quantitative traits. Genetic variability analysis using GENSTAT and the pooled REML mean data results revealed that Phenotypic Co-efficient of Variation (PCV) was greater than the Genotypic Co-efficient of Variation (GCV) over the diverged ecological locations indicating the existence of environmental influence on all the biometric traits studied. In the Western Ghats region (E1), high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was exhibited for traits like days to flowering, plant height, days to maturity, number of nodes, length of nodes, number of basal tillers, stem diameter, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, inflorescence length, inflorescence width, length of peduncle, number of racemes, single ear head weight and grain yield per plant. Traits like thousand grain weight expressed moderate genetic advance with high heritability while, length of lower racemes expressed moderate heritability with high genetic advance. Similarly, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for all the characters in valley region (E2) except thousand grain weight that showed high heritability but moderate genetic advance. In contrast, in the area of plains (E3), all the traits exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Since, majority of the traits have shown high heritability with high genetic advance, selection might be effective in these traits irrespective of the environment

Wear Behaviour of Eutectic Al-Si Alloy-Graphite Composites Fabricated by Combined Modified Two-Stage Stir Casting and Squeeze Casting Methods

Dry sliding wear behaviour of eutectic Al-Si alloy-graphite composites was investigated employing a pin-on-disc wear test rig. Results revealed that the wear and friction coefficients decreased linearly with increasing weight percentage of graphite particles. Wear resistance of the composite increased considerably with increasing sliding velocity at constant load. In contrast, the friction coefficient of Al-7.5 wt.% Gr composite increased when the sliding velocity was increased from 1 m/s to 2 m/s at 49 N. Worn-out surfaces of wear specimens after the test were examined by scanning electron microscopy to study the morphology of worn surfaces. EDS analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of mechanically mixed layer (MML) which comprises oxides and iron, and this acted as an effective tribolayer in enhancing the wear resistance at higher sliding velocity

Synthesis of Al-Fly Ash Composites by Modified Two Step Stir Casting Method

Abstract. In the stir casting process, homogeneous dispersion of reinforcing particles within the matrix material is one such major problem, which influences on the properties of composites. In this research, an attempt has been made to study the influence of fly ash wt.% (10 ,15 and 20), ratio of the impeller outer dia to crucible inner dia (0.7,0.5 and 0.3) and processing method (liquid state stirring, two step stirring and modified two step stirring) on the mechanical properties and the distribution of fly ash particles in the Al matrix.Optimum parameters were identified for attaining the maximum mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength of composites by the application of Taguchi method, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the results were validated by confirmation test.The present work could provide a guide for the industrial preparation of composites

Genetic variability of early flowering and yield contributing traits in Barnyard Millet [Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb). Link] grown at different altitudes

Barnyard millet is an important up surging minor millet in Asia countries for food and nutritional security. Being a minorcrop, the genetics and inheritance of the traits need to understand, for effective utilization in the crop improvementprogrammes. Here, we investigated the genetic background and inheritance of different traits in barnyard millet genotypes.Forty germplasm accessions were evaluated in different ecological environments of southern India for 17 quantitative traits.Genetic variability analysis using GENSTAT and the pooled REML mean data results revealed that Phenotypic Co-efficientof Variation (PCV) was greater than the Genotypic Co-efficient of Variation (GCV) over the diverged ecological locationsindicating the existence of environmental influence on all the biometric traits studied. In the Western Ghats region (E1),high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was exhibited for traits like days to flowering, plant height, days tomaturity, number of nodes, length of nodes, number of basal tillers, stem diameter, flag leaf length, flag leaf width,inflorescence length, inflorescence width, length of peduncle, number of racemes, single ear head weight and grain yield perplant. Traits like thousand grain weight expressed moderate genetic advance with high heritability while, length of lowerracemes expressed moderate heritability with high genetic advance. Similarly, high heritability coupled with high geneticadvance was recorded for all the characters in valley region (E2) except thousand grain weight that showed high heritabilitybut moderate genetic advance. In contrast, in the area of plains (E3), all the traits exhibited high heritability coupled withhigh genetic advance. Since, majority of the traits have shown high heritability with high genetic advance, selection mightbe effective in these traits irrespective of the environment