Assessing the in vitro efficacy of biocontrol agents and oil cakes against basal rot of onion incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae

Onions are an important vegetable crop, which is infected by many soils and foliar pathogens. Among them, Fusarium Basal Rot (FBR) causes yield losses of up to 50 per cent in the field and 30 to 40 per cent during post-harvest storage of bulbs.  For management of basal rot of onion, the efficacy of native antagonists such as six different Trichoderma sp. (T1-T6), five different Bacillus sp. (B1-B5) and five different oil cakes was assessed against the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae under in vitro condition. Among them, T3 collected from Kulithalai recorded maximum virulence as well as dark green sporulation with conidia length of 2.68–3.25 and breadth of 2.54-3.46µ. Among the tested isolates, In the case of  Bacillus sp., isolate B4 recorded the maximum inhibition zone (66.16%), followed by B. subtilis (B5), which recorded a (59.03%) inhibition on the mycelial growth. Among the five different oil cakes, the filtrates of neem cake showed a maximum inhibition zone against F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae of 1.29 cm @ 15% concentration, followed by groundnut cake at 1.36 cm @ 30% concentration. Hence the different control measures, Trichoderma sp. showed critically acclaimed performance under in vitro than others. The combined application of Trichoderma sp, Bacillus sp and neem oilcake significantly inhibited the growth of basal rot of onion due to the presence of the antimicrobial property.   

Effect of differential heat treatments on antibacterial activity of fermented goat milk

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three different temperatures on the antibacterial potential of fermented goat milk.Goat milk is one of the naturalfoods to complete perfection.Bioactive peptides, the specific protein fragments that have a positive impact on body functions, can be produced during milk fermentation. Thanks to the starter cultures’ proteolytic activity.Fresh pooled goat milk sample collected was divided into four lots. One set was used for raw milk analysis and the remaining three were subjected to heat treatment at three different timetemperature combinations namely;72°C for 15 sec, 85°C for 10 min, and 121° C for 15 min. These samples were cooled immediately to 42ºC, inoculated with 0.04 % DVS yogurt culture,incubated at 42º C for 4 hrs, and then stored at 5±2°C for 21 days for storage studies. The analysis was carried out at 7-day intervals. An agar well diffusion assay was performed to assess the inhibitory activity ofWater-soluble peptide extracts (WSPE) of these samples against Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Escherichia coli NCIM 2685, Salmonella enterica ATCC 6017, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The milk that was heated to 85°C for 10 min before fermentation showed the highest antibacterial activity against E.coli during the 7th and 14th day of storage, withthe zone of inhibition measuredat 17±0.433mm and 21±0.55mm respectively.Thus, it can be concluded that milk heated at 85°C for 10 min had better antibacterial activity than the other two treatments

An Efficient Approach Formulation of Social Groups of User Calls of

Abstract -We are living in a world of wireless technology. The most widely used wireless i.e. mobile computing device today is the Mobile phone, can be used not only for voice and data communications but also as a computing device running context aware applications. In this paper we present a model that based on GSM data base. The objective of this paper identifies social and suspicious groups based on Cell Id, IMSI, IMEI, date and time, Location Area, MCC and MNC. This information can be used by applications for the detection of users, user context, discovering of groups and relation between them using clustering technique of data mining. One of the vital means in dealing with these data is to classify or group them into a set of categories or clusters. We demonstrate that even without knowledge of observed cell tower locations, we can recognize mobility modes that are useful for several application domains. Our mobility detection system was evaluated with GSM traces from the everyday lives of three data collectors

Assessment of malocclusion severity and orthodontic treatment needs in 12–15-year-old school children of Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, using Dental Aesthetic Index

Objectives: The present study was aimed to assess the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12–15-year-old schoolchildren in rural area of Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India, using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 1078 schoolchildren (12–15 years of age) who were selected by two-stage cluster sampling technique. Severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs were assessed according to the DAI using a specially designed survey pro forma with the aid of the WHO's Oral Health Survey: Basic Methods. Based on the distribution of data, analysis of variance and unpaired student t-test were used. Results: Out of the total of 1078 children examined, 528 (49%) were males and 550 (57%) were females. The results indicate that 82.74% of the schoolchildren were found with little or no malocclusion requiring no orthodontic treatment. The gender-wise distribution of DAI score among children aged 12 years had significant difference between males (20.43 ± 3.67) and females (21.62 ± 4.335) (P = 0.015) and children aged 15 years also showed highly significant difference among gender (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Malocclusion not only impacts the appearance of the person but also affects the self-esteem and psychological well-being. This is the first step in understanding the treatment need so that further steps can be taken in preventive and interceptive care

Prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in patients scheduled for cataract surgery in eye camps in Kashmir

Aims: To study the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) in patients scheduled for cataract surgery in eye camps in Kashmir. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted by the Mobile Ophthalmic Unit holding eye camps in rural areas of Kashmir from December 2010 to July 2011. Total of 1117 patients from 11 areas with age-related cataract scheduled for surgery underwent complete clinical examination. The PEX was diagnosed by the presence of gray flakes on the anterior lens capsule or at the pupillary margin or both. A Chi square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of PEX was 26.32%. The prevalence from the different areas varied from 4 to 36.36%. Males comprised 64.62% of the patients with PEX ranging in age from 49 years to 89 years. Increasing age was associated with increase in prevalence of PEX (P value < 0.001). Prevalence of PEX was higher in patients involved with outdoor activities (P value < 0.001). Most common type of cataract seen in patients with PEX was nuclear sclerosis. Patients with PEX had visual acuity (VA) significantly lower than patients without PEX (P value = 0.0013). Conclusion: The prevalence of PEX in Kashmir is relatively high. This is important from the perspective of mobile eye camps considering the increased frequency of cataract and the surgical complications associated with PEX, and thus the surgery mandates a thorough preoperative clinical examination to ensure good surgical outcome