القيمة الذّوقية وأثرها في تفسير القرآن الكريم The Sense Value and its Impact on the Interpretation of the Holy Qur’an

اشترط العلماء في المفسِّر الذي يريد أن يُفسِّر القرآن الكريم برأيه بدون أن يلتزم الوقوف عند حدود المأثور منه فقط، أن يكون مُلِماً بجملة من العلوم التي يستطيع بواسطتها أن يُفسِّر القرآن تفسيراً عقلياً مقبولاً، وجعلوا هذه العلوم بمثابة أدوات تعصم المفسِّر من الوقوع في الخطأ، وتحميه من القول على الله بدون علم. كاللغة والنحو والصرف والاشتقاق والبلاغة والقراءات وأصول الدين وأسباب النزول والقصص والناسخ والمنسوخ، والأحاديث المبيِّنة لتفسير المجمل والمبهم، ليستعين بها على توضيح ما يشكل عليه، وغير ذلك ممّا هو معروف في بابه، مبسوطٌ في مظانّه. فهذه العلوم- التي هي كالآية للمُفسّر لا يكون مفسّرا إلا بتحصيلها فمن فسّر بدونها كان مفسِّرا بالرأي المنهي عنه، وإذا فسر مع حصولها لم يكن مفسرا بالرأي المنهي عنه. إلاّ أنّ القيمة الذّوقية، أو باصطلاحٍ مقارب علم الموهبة ، تُعدُّ لدى أساطين علوم القرآن الكريم وتفسيره علما أساسيا ومصدرا رئيسا للمفسّر، ضمن العلوم التي يحتاج إليها المفسّر، بل تُعدُّ أصلا للوقوف على معاني القرآن الكريم كما عبّر بذلك الزركشي في البرهان. هذا البحث سيحاول تقديم تعريف للقيمة الذّوقية مع بيان الفرق بين القيمة الذّوقية وعلم الموهبة، وسيحاول الكشف على ما مدى اعتماد أهل التّفسير على القيمة الذّوقية أثناء العمليّة التّفسيرية. الكلمات المفتاحية: القيمة الذوقية، النص القرآني، العملية التفسيرية، علم الموهبة، الذوق. The scholars stipulated that the interpreter who wants to interpret the Holy Qur’an according to his opinion, without being bound to stop at the limits of what has been narrated from it only, must be familiar with several sciences through which he can interpret the Qur’an in an acceptable rational way. They made these sciences as tools that protect the interpreter from falling into error and protect him from saying about God without knowledge. Such sciences include language, syntax, morphology, derivation, rhetoric, readings, fundamentals of religion, reasons for revelation, stories, and the hadiths that explain the interpretation of the general and the obscure, in order to use them to clarify what is confusing, and other than what is known in its section, simplified in its propositions. These sciences - which are like a verse for the interpreter, can only be interpreted by acquiring them. Whoever interpreted without it was interpreted by the opinion that is forbidden, and if he interpreted with its occurrence, he is not interpreting by the opinion that is forbidden. However, the sense value, or in a similar term, the science of endowment , is considered by the masters of the sciences of the Holy Qur\u27an and its interpretation a basic science and a major source for the interpreter, among other sciences that the interpreter needs. Rather, they are originally prepared to find out the meanings of the Holy Qur’an, as expressed by Al-Zarkashi in al-Burhān. This research will try to provide a definition of the sense value with an explanation of the difference between the sense value and the science of endowment, and it will try to reveal the extent to which the interpreters depend on the sense value during the interpretive process. Keywords: The sense value, Quran, Objective interpretation

Studies on structural elucidation of delphinium alkaloids by using LC-ESI-MS technique.

A rapid,sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-electron spray-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method to identify the different diester-diterpenoid and monoester type alkaloids from delphinium cashmerianum Collected from Sopi Kargil. Chromatographic separation were achieved on c-18 coloumn and peaks determined by mass spectrometry in positive and negative modes.The validated method led to tentative identification of eight alkaloids on the basis of their retention times and fragmentation patterns. Results showed that the positive mode response was much higher than the negative ion mode .chromatographic conditions were optimized to obtain high resolution and short run time

A robust consistency model of crowd workers in text labeling tasks

Crowdsourcing is a popular human-based model to acquire labeled data. Despite its ability to generate huge amounts of labelled data at moderate costs, it is susceptible to low quality labels. This can happen through unintentional or intentional errors by the crowd workers. Consistency is an important attribute of reliability. It is a practical metric that evaluates a crowd workers' reliability based on their ability to conform to themselves by yielding the same output when repeatedly given a particular input. Consistency has not yet been sufficiently explored in the literature. In this work, we propose a novel consistency model based on the pairwise comparisons method. We apply this model on unpaid workers. We measure the workers' consistency on tasks of labeling political text-based claims and study the effects of different duplicate task characteristics on their consistency. Our results show that the proposed model outperforms the current state-of-the-art models in terms of accuracy. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Kapitalkostnadsberäkning – En studie av AHP-modellen ”An outsiders view”

Resultatet visar att AHP ej kunnat generera en och samma kapitalkostnad som CAPM. Det vi funnit är att de godtyckliga elementen är för stora varför vi ej ser att AHP bör tillämpas av onoterade bolag

Comparative studies directed towards the bioactivity evaluation of Iris species for prospective resourcing as therapeutic agents

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Effect of SAMe-TT2R2 score and genetic polymorphism on the quality of anticoagulation control in Qatari patients treated with warfarin.

There is no strong evidence on pharmacogenetics role on the quality of INR control after the initiation phase and on the maintenance of stable INR on the long term as measured by the time in therapeutic range (TTR). The benefit of a score such as SAMe-TT2R2 is that it can preemptively guide clinicians on whether to start the patient on warfarin or direct oral anticoagulant. To determine the association between genetic variants in CYP2C9, VKORC1, and CYP4F2 and TTR. To validate SAMe-TT2R2 score predictive ability on the quality of anticoagulation in Qatari patients. This is an observational nested case-control study that was conducted on a cohort of Qatari patients treated with warfarin with previously identified genotype for the CYP2C9, VKORC1, and CYP2F4. The sample size of this cohort was 148 patients. Mean TTR was 62.7 ± 21%. TTR was not significantly different among carriers of the CYP2C9*2 &*3, VKORC1(-1639G>A) or CYP4F2*3 compared to their non-carriers alleles. None of the factors in the SAMe-TT2R2 score had a significant effect on the TTR except for the female gender where TTR was significantly lower in females (n = 89) compared to males (n = 59) (59.6 ± 21% vs. 67.2 ± 20%, p = 0.03). Furthermore, patients with SAMe-TT2R2 score of zero had significantly better TTR compared to those with higher scores (76.5 ± 17% vs. 61.8 ± 21%, p = 0.04). Logistic regression analysis showed that high SAMe-TT2R2 score was the only statistically significant predicting factor of poor INR control (odds ratio (OR) 5.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-28.3, p = 0.034). Genetic variants have no contribution to the quality of INR control. SAMe-TT2R2 score was predictive for the poor quality of anticoagulation in a cohort of Qatari patients.This work was funded by UREP Grant # (UREP23-046-3-012) from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors

Studies Directed Towards The Chemical Investigation Of Some Medicinal And Aromatic Plants And Transformation Of Their Major Constituents Into Pharmacodynamic Compounds

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A framework for cloud-based healthcare services to monitor noncommunicable diseases patient

Monitoring patients who have noncommunicable diseases is a big challenge. These illnesses require a continuous monitoring that leads to high cost for patients\u27 healthcare. Several solutions proposed reducing the impact of these diseases in terms of economic with respect to quality of services. One of the best solutions is mobile healthcare, where patients do not need to be hospitalized under supervision of caregivers. This paper presents a new hybrid framework based on mobile multimedia cloud that is scalable and efficient and provides cost-effective monitoring solution for noncommunicable disease patient. In order to validate the effectiveness of the framework, we also propose a novel evaluation model based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which incorporates some criteria from multiple decision makers in the context of healthcare monitoring applications. Using the proposed evaluation model, we analyzed three possible frameworks (proposed hybrid framework, mobile, and multimedia frameworks) in terms of their applicability in the real healthcare environment

Carbon tetrachloride induced kidney and lung tissue damages and antioxidant activities of the aqueous rhizome extract of Podophyllum hexandrum

BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of aqueous extract of Podophyllum hexandrum. The antioxidant potential of the plant extract under in vitro situations was evaluated by using two separate methods, inhibition of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide radical. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) is a well known toxicant and exposure to this chemical is known to induce oxidative stress and causes tissue damage by the formation of free radicals. METHODS: 36 albino rats were divided into six groups of 6 animals each, all animals were allowed food and water ad libitum. Group I (control) was given olive oil, while the rest groups were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of CCl(4 )(1 ml/kg) as a 50% (v/v) solution in olive oil. Group II received CCl(4 )only. Group III animals received vitamin E at a concentration of 50 mg/kg body weight and animals of groups IV, V and VI were given extract of Podophyllum hexandrum at concentration dose of 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg body weight. Antioxidant status in both kidney and lung tissues were estimated by determining the activities of antioxidative enzymes, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD); as well as by determining the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In addition, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity of the extract was also determined. RESULTS: Results showed that the extract possessed strong superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity comparable to that of known antioxidant butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). Our results also showed that CCl(4 )caused a marked increase in TBARS levels whereas GSH, SOD, GR, GPX and GST levels were decreased in kidney and lung tissue homogenates of CCl(4 )treated rats. Aqueous extract of Podophyllum hexandrum successfully prevented the alterations of these effects in the experimental animals. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that the aqueous extract of Podophyllum hexandrum could protect the kidney and lung tissue against CCl(4 )induced oxidative stress probably by increasing antioxidant defense activities