Generating background network traffic for network security testbeds

With the advancement of science and technology, there has been a rapid growth in computer network attacks. Most of them are in the form of sophisticated and smart attacks, which are hard to trace. Although researchers have been working on this issue - attack detection, prevention and mitigation - the existing network security evaluation techniques lack effective experimental infrastructure and rigorous scientific methodologies for developing and testing the cyber security technologies. To make progress in this area, we need to address one of the major shortcomings in evaluating network security mechanisms -- lack of relevant, representative network data. The research community is in need of tools that are able to generate scalable, tunable, and representative network traffic. Such tools are vital in a tested environment, where they can be used to evaluate the behavior and performance of security related tools. In this context, we present the Markov Traffic Generator (MTG), which is able to generate representative network traffic. The MTG follows a unique approach of generating background traffic at the session level, unlike the previous approaches operated on the packet level. The tool is application dependent and is able to generate various types of TCP traffic. The resulting tool is useful for researchers and developers in building, testing and evaluating cyber security related tools. In this work, we develop the classifications of background traffic generation models based on the past work and present a new toolkit, the Markov Traffic Generator (MTG). As opposed to past work, MTG uses a first order hierarchical Markov agent to generate background user behavior in network testbed. The Markov agents can be used to generate behavior that mimics observed traffic in real networks. The thesis concludes by showing that MTG can realistically replicate observed network behavior

A proposed framework for irrigation management transfer in Iran: Lessons from Asia and Iran

Water resource management/ Land management/ Leaching/ Drainage/ Sodic soils/ Soil reclamation/ Supplemental irrigation/ Irrigation programs

Erythromelalgia: An Uncommon Presentation Precipitated by Aspirin Withdrawal

Erythromelalgia is a rare disorder frequently associated with myeloproliferative disorders. We describe a case of elderly patient diagnosed with myeloproliferative disorder in remission. The patient was on aspirin for secondary prevention of stroke and was taken off aspirin and developed erythromelalgia within two weeks of withdrawal of aspirin. After restarting aspirin, patient’s symptoms improved within 2 weeks

Biochemical degradation of 22 fish species due to microbial spoilage in major fish markets of bhopal

Microbial spoilage of fish and its biochemical changes has been reviewed. Naturally fishes were dominantly contaminated by gram positive and gram negative bacteria’s such as pseudomonas, aeromonas, salmonella, shigella, vibrio spp. Growth of these microorganisms in fish caused spoilage of the fish. Microorganisms predominate spoilage of cold storage fish were pseudomonas and aeromonas. Soon after fish death, enzymatic reaction precedes which uses glycogen as energy sources and stop as the glycogen depleted from the tissue. This process named as “rigor mortis”. Fish spoilage start at the end of rigor mortis. So, fish spoilage could be delayed by retaining flesh glycogen through reduction in energy consumption. It can be done by preventing vigorous moving of fish during hauling/catching. Delay in spoilage was also due to lactic acid production resulted from glycolyis, which reduced fish flesh pH, so that inhibit microbial growth. Immediately after rigor mortis the flesh pH increase to normal pH, caused contaminating microorganisms grow, degrade NPN protein such as trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) to trimethylamine TMA. Later stage of spoilage contaminating microorganisms degrade protein compound result in compound that exert putrid smell such as H2S, methyl mercaptan and dimetyhyl sulfide

Impact of network competence on firm's performances among Chinese and Indian entrepreneurs: A multigroup analysis

The aim of the current study was to analyse and compare the impact of network competence on four types of firms’ performances-perceived financial performance, perceived non-financial performance, perceived business growth and perceived performance relative to competitors-among Malaysian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) run by Chinese and Indian entrepreneurs. A total of 200 retailers and wholesale owners in Klang Valley, Malaysia participated in a face-to-face survey. The collected data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and multigroup analysis was performed to test the hypotheses developed. Findings revealed network competence to have a positive impact on all four types of firms’ performances among Chinese entrepreneurs. However, for Indian entrepreneurs, network competence was found to have a positive impact only on perceived financial performance and perceived performance relative to competitors. A significant difference was also found between Chinese and Indian entrepreneurs regarding the impact of network competence on perceived business growth

مماثلة الشعر الثوري في كلام فيض أحمد فيض و مفدي زكريا: Similarities of the revolutionary poetry in the poetry of Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Mufdi Zakaria

A study of human history reveals that man has been on a journey of evolution from the very beginning. In this evolutionary journey, man has used every means at his disposal to move forward. However, in this journey, the expression of mental imagination and heartfelt emotions has been the greatest support of man.  The journey of human evolution continues even in modern times and it would not be wrong to call the twentieth century the century of revolutions. The end of the Ottoman Empire, the two world wars, many events emerging and disappearing on the world stage, many emerging movements in the Arab world and the Western world, the independence of the Indian subcontinent and many other movements have been characteristic of the twentieth century.  In the middle of the twentieth century, the subcontinent was the center of a similar evolutionary movement. On the one hand, the independence movement was at its peak, on the other hand, the movement of human evolution against social oppression and discrimination was going on, and the writers were also playing their full role in this movement. An emerging name among those writers was Faiz Ahmed Faiz who breathed new life into the progressive revolution through his Urdu poetry. At a time when Faiz Ahmed Faiz's poetry was playing a role in the progressive movement in the subcontinent, the Arab world was enjoying the literary masterpieces of Algerian progressive and revolutionary poet Mufdi Zakaria. In the poetry of Mufdi Zakaria, the revolutionary color is very prominent which is seen in the poetry of Urdu poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz. Even Mufdi Zakaria faced almost all the accusations and hardships that Faiz Ahmed Faiz used to face. He made an effective contribution to literary, political and revolutionary activity. These two people have a lot in common in their poetry. That's why I chose both for my research work. So that people can be introduced to this great literary heritage of Urdu and Arabic language. I hope that this work of mine will prove to be an important milestone in both Urdu and Arabic language literature