Global superconvergence in combinations of Ritz-Galerkin-FEM for singularity problems

AbstractThis paper combines the piecewise bilinear elements with the singular functions to seek the corner singular solution of elliptic boundary value problems. The global superconvergence rates O(h2−δ) can be achieved by means of the techniques of Lin and Yan (The Construction and Analysis of High Efficient FEM, Hobei University Publishing, Hobei, 1996) for different coupling strategies, such as the nonconforming constraints, the penalty integrals, and the penalty plus hybrid integrals, where δ(>0) is an arbitrarily small number, and h is the maximal boundary length of quasiuniform rectangles −qij used. A little effort in computation is paid to conduct a posteriori interpolation of the numerical solutions, uh, only on the subregion used in finite element methods. This paper also explores an equivalence of superconvergence between this paper and Z.C. Li, Internat. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 39 (1996) 1839–1857 and J. Comput. Appl. Math. 81 (1997) 1–17

Interleukin-1exerts distinct actions on different cell types of the brain in vitro

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a critical neuroinflammatory mediator in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we investigated the effect of IL-1 on inducing inflammation-related gene expression in three astrocyte, two microglial, and one brain endothelial cell line. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is found to be produced by the two microglial cell lines constitutively, but these cells do not respond to IL-1β stimulation. The three astrocyte cell lines responded to IL-1β stimulation by expressing MCP-1, CXCL-1, and VCAM-1, but different subtypes of astrocytes exhibited different expression profiles after IL-1β stimulation. The brain endothelial cells showed strongest response to IL-1β by producing MCP-1, CXCL-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-6, and COX-2 mRNA. The induction of endothelial COX-2 mRNA is shown to be mediated by p38 MAPK pathway, whereas the induction of other genes is mediated by the NF-κB pathway. These results demonstrate that IL-1 exerts distinct cell type-specific action in CNS cells and suggest that IL-1-mediated neuroinflammation is the result of the summation of multiple responses from different cell types in the CNS to IL-1

Existence of seven human IL-1R1 promoters

Previous studies have reported the existence of three promoters for the human type I interleukin-1 receptor (hIL-1R1) gene. These promoters were discovered by identifying discrete transcription start sites (TSS) from limited human cell lines. In this study, we examined the TSSs of hIL-1R1 mRNA from 24 different tissues and identified several novel TSSs in hIL-1R1 that suggest the existence of seven hIL-1R1 promoters: three of them are the same as those reported previously and four are putative novel promoters. Using a promoter-reporter assay, we show here that these promoters can drive the transcription of the reporter gene. In addition, these promoters exhibit cell type specific expression patterns and they can be regulated by enhancer elements in a cell type specific manner. Only one of the promoters was found to be sensitive to the stimulation by glucocorticoids. Similar to our recent report on murine IL-1R1, two of the hIL-1R1 promoters appear to be the dominant promoters, one of which was published previously and the other is identified in the present study. We also found an internal promoter that drives the expression of IL-1R1 after the conventional translation start codon, suggesting that a truncated hIL-1R1 may be expressed by this promoter. These results provide additional information regarding the transcription of hIL-1R1

Rega-Net:Retina Gabor Attention for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Extensive research works demonstrate that the attention mechanism in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) effectively improves accuracy. But little works design attention mechanisms using large receptive fields. In this work, we propose a novel attention method named Rega-net to increase CNN accuracy by enlarging the receptive field. Inspired by the mechanism of the human retina, we design convolutional kernels to resemble the non-uniformly distributed structure of the human retina. Then, we sample variable-resolution values in the Gabor function distribution and fill these values in retina-like kernels. This distribution allows important features to be more visible in the center position of the receptive field. We further design an attention module including these retina-like kernels. Experiments demonstrate that our Rega-Net achieves 79.963\% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K classification and 43.1\% mAP on COCO2017 object detection. The mAP of the Rega-Net increased by up to 3.5\% compared to baseline networks

Numerical Characterization of Yb-signal-aided Cladding-pumped Er:Yb-codoped Fiber Amplifiers

In this Letter, high-power cladding-pumped Er:Yb-codoped fiber amplifiers (EYDFAs) coseeded with a Yb-band signal are numerically characterized according to the wavelength and power of the aiding signal, the length of the gain fiber, and the wavelength of the pump. the results show that properly designing these parameters not only helps to suppress the parasitic lasing and improve the pump conversion efficiency but also helps to improve the output power stability of high-power EYDFAs. © 2011 Optical Society of America

Off-axis Neuromuscular Training for Knee Ligament Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation

Non

Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) expression on polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes during perinatal period of dairy cow

To establish a foundation for further researches on the improvement of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) functions in dairy cow during perinatal period, the counting of PMN, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) on PMN was studied during this critical period. Blood samples were taken 21, 14 and 7 days, and at calving (0) day before expected calving time, and 7, 14 and 21 days after calving. The PMN changes were measured by automatic blood cell analyzer, and mRNA and protein expression of TLR-4 were analyzed by quantity real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot. The results show that the quantity of neutrophil leukocytes reached the peak (3.12 ± 0.26 × 109, p<0.05) at 0 day. The mRNA expression of TLR-4 was down-regulated from the -21days before calving to the 14 day after calving (P<0.01). The protein of expression TLR-4 was lower from 7 to 14 days. The down-regulation of TLR-4 expression may be the major factor of PMN dysfunction of cows from 7 to 14 days after calving.Keywords: Cow, hematology, perinatals period, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) pathwayAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(16), pp. 2100-210

Different Random Distributions Research on Logistic-Based Sample Assumption

Logistic-based sample assumption is proposed in this paper, with a research on different random distributions through this system. It provides an assumption system of logistic-based sample, including its sample space structure. Moreover, the influence of different random distributions for inputs has been studied through this logistic-based sample assumption system. In this paper, three different random distributions (normal distribution, uniform distribution, and beta distribution) are used for test. The experimental simulations illustrate the relationship between inputs and outputs under different random distributions. Thereafter, numerical analysis infers that the distribution of outputs depends on that of inputs to some extent, and this assumption system is not independent increment process, but it is quasistationary

Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of a karst basin, SW China

To investigate the presence of metal elements and assess their health risk for the populace in the Nandong Underground River Basin (NURB), we conducted an analysis of eleven common heavy metals in the water body. A Health risk assessment (HRA) model was employed to analyze 84 water samples from the NURB. The detection results revealed the following order of heavy metals concentrations: Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > As > Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cu > Hg. Correlation analysis indicated a certain similarity in material source and migration transformation among these eleven metal elements. Our study identified that the health risks for local residents exposed to metal elements in the water of NURB primarily stem from carcinogenic risk (10−6–10−4 a−1) through the drinking water pathway. Moreover, the health risk of heavy metal exposure for children through drinking water was notably higher than for adults. The maximum health risks of Cr in both underground and surface water exceeded the recommendation standard (5.0×10−5 a−1) from ICRP, surpassing the values recommended by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the Dutch Ministry of Construction and Environment and the British Royal Society (5.0×10−6 a−1). The results of the health risk assessment indicate that Cr in the water of NURB is the primary source of carcinogenic risk for local residents, followed by Cd and As. Consequently, it is imperative to control these three carcinogenic metals when the water was used as drinking water resource