Efeito da polpa de café na qualidade do leite de cabras em pastejo no norte do México

En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación de la PCaf, sobre parámetros productivos, la producción y calidad de la leche en cabras bajo condiciones de pastoreo, con el fin de que los productores tengan otras opciones de suplementación para sus animales contemplando el mejor rendimiento productivo de las cabras. Se utilizaron 20 cabras multirraciales en producción de leche con una producción promedio de 1.5 L de leche, y fueron divididas en 2 grupos (n=10 c/u) homogéneas en cuanto a peso vivo y condición corporal. Un primer grupo (Tratado) fue suplementado con 150 g de PCaf más 150 g de concentrado comercial (17% PC, 1.5 EM) y 2% de melaza del total de la ración, mientras que un segundo grupo (Control) recibió 100 g de concentrado comercial. El periodo de estudio fue de 21 días. La suplementación de los animales fue individual por la mañana (8:00 am) durante todo el periodo experimental. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: peso vivo (PV), condición corporal (CC), producción y determinación de la calidad de la leche, los datos fueron analizados con prueba de t-Student. Los resultados en cuanto a PV, CC, producción de leche, el contenido de proteína, lactosa, solidos no grasos y sólidos totales no existió diferencia (P>0.05) para ambos grupos, sin embargo, en el contenido de grasa promedio presentó una significativa tendencia donde se encontraron mayores valores  (P<0.05) en la leche de las cabras suplementadas con PCaf (3.2%), con relación a la proveniente de las cabras del grupo control (2.9%). Se concluye que la suplementación alimenticia con PCaf podría ser una alternativa viable para mejorar la calidad de la leche, sin disminuir la producción de la leche en cabras multirraciales bajo condiciones de pastoreo en el norte de MéxicoIn this work, the effect of PCaf supplementation on productive parameters, production and milk quality in goats under grazing conditions was evaluated, so that producers have other supplementation options for their animals contemplating the best productive performance of goats.20 multiracial goats in milk production with an average production of 1.5 L of milk were divided into 2 groups (n=10 each) homogeneous in terms of live weight and body condition. A first group (Treated) was supplemented with 150 g of PCaf plus 150 g of commercial concentrate (17% PC, 1.5 ME) and 2% molasses of the total ration, while a second group (Control) received 100 g of commercial concentrate. The study period was 21 days. The supplementation of the animals was individual in the morning (8:00 am) during the entire experimental period. The following variables were evaluated: Live Weight (LW), Body Condition (BC), production and determination of milk quality, the data were analyzed with the t-Student test. The results in terms of LW, BC, milk production, protein content, lactose, non-fat solids and total solids showed no difference (P>0.05) for both groups, however, in the average fat content there was a significant difference, trend where higher values ​​(P<0.05) were found in the milk of the goats supplemented with PCaf (3.2%), in relation to that from the control group goats (2.9%). It is concluded that dietary supplementation with PCaf could be a viable alternative to improve milk quality, without decreasing milk production in multibreed goats under grazing conditions in northern Mexico Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito da suplementação de PCaf nos parâmetros produtivos, produção e qualidade do leite em cabras em condições de pastejo, para que os produtores tenham outras opções de suplementação para seus animais contemplando o melhor desempenho produtivo das cabras.20 Cabras multirraciais na produção de leite com Uma produção média de 1,5 L de leite foram divididos em 2 grupos (n=10 cada) homogêneos quanto ao peso vivo e condição corporal. Um primeiro grupo (Tratado) foi suplementado com 150 g de PCaf mais 150 g de concentrado comercial (17% PC, 1,5 ME) e 2% de melaço da ração total, enquanto um segundo grupo (Controle) recebeu 100 g de concentrado comercial. O período de estudo foi de 21 dias. A suplementação dos animais foi individual no período da manhã (8h00min) durante todo o período experimental. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: Peso Vivo (PV), Condição Corporal (CC), produção e determinação da qualidade do leite, os dados foram analisados ​​com o teste t-Student. Os resultados de PV, BC, produção de leite, teor de proteína, lactose, sólidos desengordurados e sólidos totais não apresentaram diferença (P>0,05) para ambos os grupos, porém, no teor médio de gordura houve diferença significativa, tendência onde foram encontrados valores maiores (P<0,05) no leite das cabras suplementadas com PCaf (3,2%), em relação ao das cabras do grupo controle (2,9%). Conclui-se que a suplementação dietética com PCaf pode ser uma alternativa viável para melhorar a qualidade do leite, sem diminuir a produção de leite em cabras multirraciais em condições de pastejo no norte do Méxic

Fertilidade de ovelhas Katahdin inseminadas laparoscopicamente com sêmen refrigerado ou criopreservado nos trópicos

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la fertilidad seminal y taza de preñes en un hato de ovinos katahdin mediante inseminación laparoscópica con semen refrigerado y congelado en ambiente tropical, fueron utilizados el reproductor y veinte vientres de la raza katahdin. Se realizaron dos evaluaciones para valorar la calidad del semen de acuerdo con sus características macroscópicas y microscópicas y las hembras fueron sincronizadas con dispositivos intravaginales con 0.3 g de progesterona natural (CIDR®, Zoetis), más una dosis de 400 UI de gonadotropina coriónica humana (GCH). La fertilidad fue mayor (p< 0,05) (30% de preñez) en borregas inseminadas con semen congelado, comparada al 20% de preñez en las inseminadas con semen frío. Las variables de fertilidad seminal evaluadas demostraron que el semen en el semental katahdin en ambiente tropical fue de buena calidad para su manipulación en la práctica de la inseminación artificial. El grupo racial de los animales utilizados respondieron satisfactoriamente a la sincronización y el semen estuvo dentro de los parámetros establecidos para la especie además toleró la manipulación, en cuanto a la inseminación por laparoscopía, es una técnica de cruzamiento poco diseminada en la región, sin embargo, el estudio desarrollado sugiere mayor investigación para aportar conocimientos suficientes para fortalecer el procedimiento y con ello incrementar la concepción en ovejas servidasThe objective of the study was to compare the semen fertility and pregnancy rate in a katahdin sheep herd by laparoscopic insemination with refrigerated and frozen semen in a tropical environment. The breeder and twenty bellies of the katahdin breed were used. Two evaluations were performed to assess the quality of the semen according to its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and the females were synchronized with intravaginal devices with 0.3 g of natural progesterone (CIDR®, Zoetis), plus a dose of 400 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Fertility was higher (p< 0.05) (30% pregnancy) in ewes inseminated with frozen semen, compared to 20% pregnancy in those inseminated with cold semen. The evaluated seminal fertility variables demonstrated that the semen in katahdin stallions in a tropical environment is of good quality for handling in the practice of artificial insemination. It is concluded that the breed group of the animals used responded satisfactorily to the synchronization and the semen was within the parameters established for the species, it also tolerated the manipulation, in terms of insemination by laparoscopy, it is a crossbreeding technique that is not widely disseminated in the region however, the study developed suggests further research to provide sufficient knowledge to strengthen the procedure and thereby increase conception in ewes bred.O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a fertilidade seminal e a taxa de prenhez em um rebanho de ovelhas katahdin por meio de inseminação laparoscópica com sêmen refrigerado e congelado em ambiente tropical, foram utilizados o reprodutor e vinte úteros da raça katahdin. Foram realizadas duas avaliações para avaliar a qualidade do sêmen de acordo com suas características macroscópicas e microscópicas, e as fêmeas foram sincronizadas com dispositivos intravaginais com 0,3 g de progesterona natural (CIDR®, Zoetis), mais uma dose de 400 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica humana (HCG) . A fertilidade foi maior (p< 0,05) (30% de prenhez) em ovelhas inseminadas com sêmen congelado, em comparação com 20% de prenhez naquelas inseminadas com sêmen frio. As variáveis ​​de fertilidade seminal avaliadas demonstraram que o sêmen do garanhão katahdin em ambiente tropical era de boa qualidade para sua manipulação na prática da inseminação artificial. O grupo racial dos animais utilizados respondeu satisfatoriamente à sincronização e o sêmen estava dentro dos parâmetros estabelecidos para a espécie, também tolerou a manipulação, no que diz respeito à inseminação por laparoscopia, é uma técnica de cruzamento pouco difundida na região, porém , o estudo desenvolvido sugere novas pesquisas para fornecer conhecimento suficiente para fortalecer o procedimento e, assim, aumentar a concepção em ovelhas criadas

Diagnosis of the palatability of fruits of three fodder trees in ruminants

The chemical composition, in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and organic matter (IVOMD) digestibility of the fruits of Pithecellobium dulce, Acacia farnesiana and Acacia cochliacantha were determined. A cafeteria test in calves, sheep and goats was developed to determine through consumption of dry matter and coefficient of preference the palatability of these fruits as a feed source. Crude protein and neutral and acid detergent fiber contents were higher in the A. cochliacantha fruit (p < 0.001) with 11.1, 55.0 and 38.3 %, respectively. Total phenols were higher (p < 0.001) in A. farnesiana fruit with 39.7 %. The IVDMD and IVOMD were greater (p < 0.001) in P. dulce fruit with 57.7 and 35.6 %, respectively. The P. dulce fruit was more palatable (p < 0.0001) for calves and those of A. cochliacanta for sheep and goats (p < 0.05). It is concluded that palatability was higher for A. cochliacanta and P. dulce fruits due to their chemical composition.Se determinó la composición química y digestibilidad in vitro de materia seca (DIVMS) y orgánica (DIVMO) de frutos de Pithecellobium dulce, Acacia cochliacantha y Acacia farnesiana. Se realizaron pruebas de cafetería en becerros, ovinos y caprinos, para determinar el consumo de materia seca y coeficiente de preferencia de palatabilidad de frutos como fuente de alimento. El contenido de proteína cruda, fibra detergente neutra y acida fue mayor en el frutos de A. cochliacantha (p < 0.001) con 11.1, 55.0 y 38.3 %, respectivamente. Los fenoles totales fueron mayores (p < 0.001) en frutos de A. farnesiana con 39.7 %. La DIVMS y DIVMO fue mayor (p < 0.001) en frutos del P. dulce con 57.7 y 35.6 %, respectivamente. Los frutos de mayor palatabilidad fueron P. dulce (p < 0.0001) en Becerros y A. cochliacanta en Ovejas y Cabras (p < 0.05). La palatabilidad de los frutos de las arbóreas estuvo determinada por la composición química

DIAGNOSIS OF THE PALATABILITY OF FRUITS OF THREE FODDER TREES IN RUMINANTS/Diagnóstico de la palatabilidad del fruto de tres árboles forrajeros en rumiantes

The chemical composition, in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and organic matter (IVOMD) digestibility of the fruits of Pithecellobium dulce, Acacia farnesiana and Acacia cochliacantha were determined. A cafeteria test in calves, sheep and goats was developed to determine through consumption of dry matter and coecient of preference the palatability of these fruits as a feed source. Crude protein and neutral and acid detergent ber contents were higher in the A. cochliacantha fruit (p < 0.001) with 11.1, 55.0 and 38.3 %, respectively. Total phenols were higher (p < 0.001) in A. farnesiana fruit with 39.7 %. The IVDMD and IVOMD were greater (p < 0.001) in P. dulce fruit with 57.7 and 35.6 %, respectively. The P. dulce fruit was more palatable (p < 0.0001) for calves and those of A. cochliacanta for sheep and goats (p < 0.05). It is concluded that palatability was higher for A. cochliacanta and P. dulce fruits due to their chemical composition

Indicadores de bem-estar animal em equinos de um centro de treinamento em Pungarabato Guerrero

El objetivo fue evaluar el bienestar animal (BA) a partir de indicadores directos en caballos bailadores sometidos a entrenamiento en un centro de adiestramiento del municipio de Pungarabato, Guerrero. La información se obtuvo de 20 equinos mediante una encuesta a los entrenadores que operan el centro de entrenamiento. Los resultados fueron procesados en una base de datos EXCEL. El 40 % de los equinos tuvieron una condición corporal buena, el 60 % presentó condición corporal regular. El 15 % presentó patas inflamadas, el 10 % cojeras moderadas, dolor en el dorso el 35 %, descarga nasal el 20 %, el 13 % presentó descarga ocular, lesiones en la piel el 35 %. Pelos rotos de la cola el 80 %. En la medicina preventiva el 100 % de los equinos reciben desparasitación semestral, y se vacunan contra las enfermedades más comunes. Las estereotipias presentes fueron aerofagia (10 %) y jugar con la lengua (5 %). Sin embargo, el manejo y entrenamiento que reciben los equinos les ocasiona estrés afectando su bienestar de acuerdo a lo indicadores establecidos por el protocolo de la Welfare Quality ®.The objective was to evaluate animal welfare (AB) from direct indicators in dancing horses undergoing training in a training center in the municipality of Pungarabato, Guerrero. The information was obtained from 20 equines through a survey of the trainers that operate the training center. The results were processed in an EXCEL database. 40% of the horses had a good body condition, 60% presented regular body condition. 15% presented swollen legs, 10% moderate lameness, 35% back pain, 20% nasal discharge, 13% presented eye discharge, 35% skin lesions. Broken tail hairs 80%. In preventive medicine, 100% of the equines receive semi-annual deworming, and are vaccinated against the most common diseases. The stereotypes present were aerophagia (10%) and playing with the tongue (5%). However, the handling and training that equines receive causes them stress, affecting their well-being according to the indicators established by the Welfare Quality ® protocol.O objetivo foi avaliar o bem-estar animal (AB) a partir de indicadores diretos em cavalos dançantes em treinamento em um centro de treinamento no município de Pungarabato, Guerrero. As informações foram obtidas de 20 equinos por meio de uma pesquisa com os treinadores que operam o centro de treinamento. Os resultados foram processados ​​em um banco de dados EXCEL. 40% dos cavalos apresentaram boa condição corporal, 60% apresentaram condição corporal regular. 15% apresentavam edema nas pernas, 10% claudicação moderada, 35% dor nas costas, 20% secreção nasal, 13% secreção ocular, 35% lesões na pele. Pêlos da cauda quebrados 80%. Na medicina preventiva, 100% dos equinos recebem vermifugação semestral e são vacinados contra as doenças mais comuns. Os estereótipos presentes foram aerofagia (10%) e brincar com a língua (5%). No entanto, o manejo e o treinamento que os equinos recebem causam estresse, afetando seu bem-estar de acordo com os indicadores estabelecidos pelo protocolo Welfare Quality ®

Global variations in heart failure etiology, management, and outcomes

Importance: Most epidemiological studies of heart failure (HF) have been conducted in high-income countries with limited comparable data from middle- or low-income countries. Objective: To examine differences in HF etiology, treatment, and outcomes between groups of countries at different levels of economic development. Design, Setting, and Participants: Multinational HF registry of 23 341 participants in 40 high-income, upper–middle-income, lower–middle-income, and low-income countries, followed up for a median period of 2.0 years. Main Outcomes and Measures: HF cause, HF medication use, hospitalization, and death. Results: Mean (SD) age of participants was 63.1 (14.9) years, and 9119 (39.1%) were female. The most common cause of HF was ischemic heart disease (38.1%) followed by hypertension (20.2%). The proportion of participants with HF with reduced ejection fraction taking the combination of a β-blocker, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist was highest in upper–middle-income (61.9%) and high-income countries (51.1%), and it was lowest in low-income (45.7%) and lower–middle-income countries (39.5%) (P &lt; .001). The age- and sex- standardized mortality rate per 100 person-years was lowest in high-income countries (7.8 [95% CI, 7.5-8.2]), 9.3 (95% CI, 8.8-9.9) in upper–middle-income countries, 15.7 (95% CI, 15.0-16.4) in lower–middle-income countries, and it was highest in low-income countries (19.1 [95% CI, 17.6-20.7]). Hospitalization rates were more frequent than death rates in high-income countries (ratio = 3.8) and in upper–middle-income countries (ratio = 2.4), similar in lower–middle-income countries (ratio = 1.1), and less frequent in low-income countries (ratio = 0.6). The 30-day case-fatality rate after first hospital admission was lowest in high-income countries (6.7%), followed by upper–middle-income countries (9.7%), then lower–middle-income countries (21.1%), and highest in low-income countries (31.6%). The proportional risk of death within 30 days of a first hospital admission was 3- to 5-fold higher in lower–middle-income countries and low-income countries compared with high-income countries after adjusting for patient characteristics and use of long-term HF therapies. Conclusions and Relevance: This study of HF patients from 40 different countries and derived from 4 different economic levels demonstrated differences in HF etiologies, management, and outcomes. These data may be useful in planning approaches to improve HF prevention and treatment globally