Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Direcionalidade e reconhecimento de fala no ruído: estudo de quatro casos

A dificuldade de compreensão de fala no ruído é apontada como uma das principais incapacidades pelo usuário de Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar o desempenho auditivo de sujeitos portadores de perda auditiva neurossensorial, bilateral, de grau leve a moderado, com os microfones ominidirecional, direcional fixo e direcional adaptativo automaticamente ativado, por meio da relação sinal/ruído (S/R) nas quais são obtidos os Limiares de Reconhecimento de Sentenças no Ruído (LRSR). Utilizaram-se os aparelhos Reach, modelo RCH62, da marca Beltone, nos modos microfone omnidirecional, direcional fixo e direcional adaptativo automaticamente ativado. Foram testadas as seguintes situações de apresentação dos estímulos acústicos: fala 0° azimute e ruído 180° azimute (0°/180°), fala 90° azimute e ruído 270° (90°/270°) azimute e fala 270° azimute e ruído 90° azimute (270°/90°). A média das relações sinal/ruído variou de 6,6 dB a -6,9 dB. O microfone que apresentou melhor média para a relação sinal/ruído, considerando as três situações de apresentação dos estímulos, foi o direcional adaptativo automaticamente ativado. Entretanto, por se tratar de uma amostra pequena, houve grande variabilidade individual. Mais estudos devem ser realizados a fim de que se tenham subsídios científicos para a seleção dos microfones mais apropriados.The difficulty of understanding speech with background noise is perceived as one of the main disabilities of the hearing aids users. The purpose of this study was to compare the hearing performance of subjects with sensorioneural, bilateral, light to moderate degree hearing loss with the microphones omnidirectional, fixed directional mode and automatically activated adaptive directional mode, activated through the signal/noise ratio (S/R) in which the Sentence Recognition Threshold in Noise are obtained. It was used the hearing aid Reach, RCH62, Beltone in omnidirectional, fixed directional and automatically activated adaptive microphone modes. The following presentations of acoustic stimulus had been tested: speech 0° azimuth and noise 180° azimuth (0°/180°), speech 90° azimuth and noise 270° azimuth (90°/270°) and speech 270° azimuth and noise 90° azimuth (270°/90°). The average signal to noise ratio ranged from 6,6 dB to -6,9 dB. The microphone that had the best average for signal to noise ratio, considering the three conditions of stimulus presentation, was the automatically activated adaptive. However, because it is a small sample, there was great individual variability. Further studies should be performed to obtain scientific support for the most appropriate selection of microphones

Perfil dos usuários de AASI com vistas à amplificação, cognição e processamento auditivo

OBJETIVO: estabelecer o perfil dos usuários de AASI atendidos no Centro de Saúde Auditiva com vistas à amplificação, cognição e processamento auditivo (PA). MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 59 sujeitos com idades entre 41 e 92 anos. Na primeira etapa, realizou-se a coleta dos dados dos prontuários: dados das avaliações audiológica e otorrinolaringológica, anamnese, teste de fala com o AASI em uso, dados do molde e do AASI, orientações recebidas e resultados do treinamento auditivo. Na segunda etapa, foram realizados os testes de Dicótico de Dígitos (DD) e Teste de Padrão de Frequência (TPF), Avaliação da Doença de Alzheimer-Cognitiva (ADAS-Cog) e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG-15). Nessa etapa, participaram 47 sujeitos. RESULTADOS: em relação à idade, 67,80% tem 60 anos ou mais. Os aspectos mais relatados na anamnese foram tontura e zumbido e exposição ao ruído. Na avaliação audiológica, identificou-se perda auditiva neurossensorial de grau moderado e curva descendente como os mais frequentes, coincidindo com os achados imitanciométricos: curva tipo A com reflexos ausentes. No treinamento auditivo, as habilidades que mais apresentaram alterações foram identificação e compreensão. Nos testes DD e TPF, as médias de acertos ficaram abaixo dos padrões de normalidade. No ADAS-Cog, os maiores escores foram palavra evocada, reconhecimento de palavra e compreensão. No EDG, 20 sujeitos apresentam características sugestivas de depressão. CONCLUSÃO: foi possível estabelecer o perfil dos usuários de AASI com vistas à amplificação, cognição e ao PA.PURPOSE: to establish the hearing aid users' profile attended in the Hearing Health Center with a view to amplification, cognition and auditory processing (AP). Method: 59 individuals participated in this study aged between 41 and 92 years old. In the first stage, it was realized the data assortment through the audiology and otolaryngologist evaluations, first interview, speech test wearing the hearing aid, molds and hearing aid information, orientations and the hearing training results. In the second stage, it was realized the Digits Dichotic test (DD) and the Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), Cognitive-Alzheimer' disease Evaluation (ADAS-Cog) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDE-15). In this stage, 47 people participated. RESULTS: 67,80% of the individuals in this study are 60 years old or older. The most referred symptoms were dizziness, tinnitus and noise exposition. In the audiology evaluation, it was possible to identify sensorineural hearing loss of moderate levels and most frequently descendent configurations, coinciding with the imitanciometric findings: Type A curve with absent reflexes. In the hearing training, comprehension and identification were the most altered functions. In the DD test and the FPT test, the average number of right answers was under the normality level. In the ADAS, the evoked and recognized word and its comprehension had the biggest score. In the GDE, 20 individuals presented characteristics of depression. CONCLUSION: it was possible to establish the hearing aid users´ profile with a view to amplification, cognition and (AP)