A Brief History of Clinical Ideas and Practices in Psychology

[preliminary edition

Integrated Report Writing

https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_facbooks/1089/thumbnail.jp

Directions in Psychoanalysis

This article is intended to familiarize the general practitioner with the important concepts in the practice of psychoanalysis. It provides an overview of the development of the field of psychoanalysis, considering it as theory of personality, as an explanation of psychopathology, and as a research procedure. It also explores psychoanalysis as a method of treatment and presents an outline of the knowledge and training necessary to become a psychoanalyst. A consideration of the analytic process includes a review of the postulates that govern its application--the analytic process, the therapeutic dyad, and psychodynamic interventions. Historical and political issues are examined, including the spread of psychoanalytic theory, the various contributions of important psychoanalytic thinkers, a review of the struggle of nonmedical psychoanalysts to break the one-time monopoly held by medical psychoanalysts, and the ongoing love-hate relationship between clinical practitioners and academic psychologists. In addition to providing this background material, this article explores the issues currently facing the field of psychoanalytic thought--the need for integration of the structural and relational perspectives and the outlook for the future of the discipline

Validation of the MMPI-2 FBS Scale in Cinical Malingerers and Nonlitigating Patients

Abstract Objective: The validity of the MMPI Fake Bad Scale has been demonstrated, but continues to be a matter of current debate. This study validated the scale in probable clinical malingerers and nonlitigant patients. Method: The MMPI-2 was administered to 44 litigating or compensation seeking individuals that claimed cognitive impairment and scored in the probable malingering range on the TOMM, Portland Digit Recognition Test, or Word Memory Test. The MMPI-2 was also administered to 64 non-litigating patients hospitalized for treatment of head trauma. Groups were compared on the FBS and standard MMPI-2 validity scales. Results: Malingerers averaged significantly higher FBS raw scores (25.3, s = 6.7) than patients (15.8, s = 4.7), and higher F (77.6 vs. 60.7) and Fb (81.2 vs. 59.8) scale T-scores. FBS scores correlated significantly with F (r = .37) and Fb (r = .58) in malingerers but not patients. Hypochondria, Depression, Hysteria, and Psychasthenia were highly correlated with FBS scores (rs \u3e .7). No relationship between the scale and gender, age, or education was observed in either group. Stepwise discriminant function analysis showed that an FBS cutoff score above 20 accurately classified 82.8% of patients and 72.7% of probable malingerers. Other validity scales did not add significantly to diagnostic accuracy. An FBS cutoff greater than 28 correctly identified 100% of patients and 34% of malingerers. Conclusions: The FBS scale is useful for characterizing malingered cognitive impairment. Diagnostic accuracy can be improved by consideration of specificity, sensitivity, and base rates

Psychoanalytic Theories of Personality

Embracing all aspects of personality study, Advanced Personality addresses major established theories and vital current research topics in the field. In recognition of the subject\u27s deep roots in both the clinic and the university, the text includes chapters from psychologists working in these two settings. Upper-level undergraduates and beginning graduate students in psychology, education, social work, family therapy, and related fields will find this text indispensable

Bias in the Use of Standard American Norms with Spanish Translations of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised.

Although most clinicians would readily agree that there is a need for Spanish translations and normative samples of major psychological tests because of the large number of individuals within the United States whose primary language is Spanish, there are in fact few well normed tests applicable to the Spanish-speaking client in the U.S. As a result, many clinicians administer cognitive tests normed on English-speaking American populations translated into Spanish, then interpret the test results using the standard American norms. The argument is generally made that such a procedure is a reasonable approximation and when cautiously interpreted can be useful. The present study investigated the impact of this practice by using the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) on Spanish-speaking adults. A group of 50 normal Hispanic Americans aged 25 to 34 years were administered the WMS-R translated into Spanish. Results showed that using English-language standard norms resulted in Spanish-speaking normal individuals getting scores an average of 1 standard deviation below average. These findings were present not only for verbal but for nonverbal tests as well. Based on these results we strongly argue against the clinical practice of using translations of English language tests without renorming and running new validity tests