71 research outputs found
Cytokines and Inflammatory Mediators [30-39]: 30. The LPS Stimulated Production of Interleukin-10 is not Associated with -819C/T and -592C/A Promoter Polymorphisms in Healthy Indian Subjects
Background: Interleukin-10 is a pivotal immunoregulatory cytokine with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. IL-10 promoter polymorphisms have been associated with disease susceptibility and the ability to secrete IL-10 in vitro. We suspected that the association of the widely studied -819C/T and -592C/A polymorphisms with the IL-10 production might vary between ethnic groups. Therefore, we examined the association of -819 C/T and -592 C/A promoter polymorphisms with in vitro LPS stimulated secretion of IL-10 in normal healthy Indian volunteers. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from 103 healthy volunteers and diluted whole blood cultures were set up with 100 ng/ml of LPS as stimulant: supernatant was collected at 24 h and IL-10 levels were assayed by ELISA. Genotyping was done for -819C/T polymorphism in 101 individuals and -592C/A polymorphism in 68 individuals by polymerase chain reaction followed by RFLP. The differences in IL-10 production between the genotypes were analysed by ANOVA. Results: There were 30, 47 and 24 individuals with the CC, CT and TT genotypes with a minor allele (T) frequency of 47% for the -819C/T polymorphism. The CC and TT genotypes at position -819 were strongly associated with CC and AA genotypes at -592 position suggestive of strong linkage disequilibrium. There was no association between the -819 genotype and the in vitro LPS stimulated IL-10 levels. Conclusions: The -819C/T and the -592 C/A polymorphisms of the IL-10 promoter region are not significantly associated with LPS stimulated IL-10 production healthy Indian subjects. Disclosure statement: All authors have declared no conflicts of interes
The Decision in the Citigroup Matter - Fiduciary Duties, Chinese Walls and Insider Trading
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Bankruptcy and order
This article argues that bankruptcy achieves order. It achieves not only commercial order, by regulating insolvent debtors and managing the collection and distribution of their bankrupt estates, but also order on many levels, including social and political order. From the 5th century BCE, when the first seeds of the idea of bankruptcy were planted in Republican Rome, through changes in outlook and approach to the present day, bankruptcy has acted as collective risk insurance protecting against the possibility of failure, while at the same time fostering business confidence. Although its underlying philosophy has changed over time, bankruptcy's function of delivering order and predictability has remained consistent.25 page(s
The company law notes
The aim of this book is to provide a simple summary of the material covered in a company law course, particularly where the course is taken as part of a non-law degree program2nd ed
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