The introduction of modern technology in Ottoman industry during the 18th and 19th centuries

Istambul, 1996年10月7日-11

Magnetic fields in cosmic particle acceleration sources

We review here some magnetic phenomena in astrophysical particle accelerators associated with collisionless shocks in supernova remnants, radio galaxies and clusters of galaxies. A specific feature is that the accelerated particles can play an important role in magnetic field evolution in the objects. We discuss a number of CR-driven, magnetic field amplification processes that are likely to operate when diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) becomes efficient and nonlinear. The turbulent magnetic fields produced by these processes determine the maximum energies of accelerated particles and result in specific features in the observed photon radiation of the sources. Equally important, magnetic field amplification by the CR currents and pressure anisotropies may affect the shocked gas temperatures and compression, both in the shock precursor and in the downstream flow, if the shock is an efficient CR accelerator. Strong fluctuations of the magnetic field on scales above the radiation formation length in the shock vicinity result in intermittent structures observable in synchrotron emission images. Resonant and non-resonant CR streaming instabilities in the shock precursor can generate mesoscale magnetic fields with scale-sizes comparable to supernova remnants and even superbubbles. This opens the possibility that magnetic fields in the earliest galaxies were produced by the first generation Population III supernova remnants and by clustered supernovae in star forming regions.Comment: 30 pages, Space Science Review

The Economic climate of the 'Young Turk Revolution' in 1908

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from in : The Journal of Modern History, Vol: 51, No: 3, 1979

Ottoman women, households, and textile manufacturing, 1800-1914

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from in : Women in Middle Eastern History : shifting boundaries in sex and gender : Yale University Press, 1991

The carpet makers of Uşak, Anatolia (1860-1914)

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from in : Isis Press, 1990

The commercialization of agriculture in Ottoman Turkey, 1800–1914

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from in : International Journal of Turkish Studies 1,2, 1980

The Zentrales staatsarchiv of the German Democratic Republic as a source for late Ottoman and Middle East history

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from in : International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol: 9, No: 4, 1978

Labor history and the Ottoman Empire, c. 1700-1922

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from in : International Labor and Working-Class History, No: 60, 2001.; Labor History in the Ottoman Middle East, 1700-1922

Limited revolution : the impact of the Anatolian railway on Turkish transportation and the provisioning of Istanbul, 1890-1908

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from in : The Business History Review, Vol: 51, N0: 2, 1977