Demographics and basic behavioural characteristics of sexually active students in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

<p>Demographics and basic behavioural characteristics of sexually active students in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</p

Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with SARU vs SARS profiles amongst learners in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa^@.

<p>Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with SARU vs SARS profiles amongst learners in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0195107#t002fn001" target="_blank">^@</a>.</p

Primary HIV-1 infection was associated with differential T-cell and NK-cell activation.

<p>T-cells (A) and NK cells (B) were activated following HIV infection. The proportion of activated T-cells and NK cells was significantly correlated before (C), but not following HIV-1 infection (D). In contrast, during primary infection, both T-cell (E) and NK-cell (F) activation were positively correlated with HIV viral load (log₁₀ copies/ml) but not CD4+ T-cell counts (G and H respectively).</p

Early after HIV infection blood NK cells increased their expression of lymphoid, but not gut homing receptors.

<p>The proportion of NK cells expressing CCR7 was increased following HIV infection (A). The proportion of NK cells expressing CCR7 was reduced during later stages of primary infection (B). The proportion of NK cells that expressed α4β7, was not changed during primary HIV-1 infection (C).</p

Following infection, an increased proportion of activated NK cells in blood expressed Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR).

<p>The proportion of KIR_pos NK cells in blood increased following HIV infection (A). The proportion of KIR_pos NK cells did not differ between stages of primary HIV infection (seronegative, sero-discordant or seropositive stages) (B). KIR_pos NK cells were more activated than KIR_neg NK cells (C).</p

Following HIV infection NK-cell responses to stimulation were diminished.

<p>Natural Killer cell degranulation (A) and IFN-γ secretion (B) responses after stimulation with IL-2 alone or with IL-2 and 721 cells (adjusted for background) or with PMA/Ionomycin. Data are adjusted for background responses to media alone.</p

Participant characteristics.

<p>Participant characteristics.</p

HIV entry into various blood CD4+ T cell subsets.

<p>HIV entry into various blood CD4+ T cell subsets.</p

Covariates associated with adherence greater than 80% (use of 2 applicators with >80% of reported sex acts).

*<p>Time-updated covariate.</p><p>USD  =  U.S. Dollar.</p><p>95% CI  = 95% Confidence Interval.</p><p>N = 860 for unadjusted comparisons except “dislike something about gel” for which N = 731. N = 731 for the adjusted, multivariate model.</p

Baseline characteristics of study participants.

†<p>Excluding women reporting prior tubal ligation or hysterectomy.</p>*<p>Fisher's exact test for categorical data and Wilcoxon two-sample test for continuous data.</p>ζ<p>Defined to participants as “someone who you have a regular relationship with.”</p><p>IQR: interquartile range.</p