Social control and self-control: factors linking exposure to domestic violence and adolescents’ Internet gaming addiction

Although many studies have investigated the influencing factors of adolescents’ Internet gaming addiction, few have investigated the influence factor of exposure to domestic violence, and even fewer have used the General Strain Theory to explain the influence path of exposure to domestic violence on adolescents’ Internet gaming addiction. Based on the GST, this study sought to uncover further insights into the effect of exposure to family violence on adolescents’ Internet gaming addiction, and the mediating role of social control—specifically, parental attachment—and self-control in the association between exposure to family violence and adolescents’ Internet gaming addiction. Adopting a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, we conducted this study with 2,110 adolescents from Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, China. The results suggest that adolescents’ exposure to domestic violence directly affects their addiction to Internet games and indirectly affects it by decreasing social control and self-control. The study not only supplements and improves the explanatory framework of General Strain Theory, but makes a significant contribution to research on the causes of Internet gaming addiction

The fat accumulation promotion effects of dihydrxytetraphenylmethane and its underlying mechanisms via transcriptome analysis

Dihydrxytetraphenylmethane, also known as Bisphenol BP (BPBP), has been increasingly used in industrial production and more frequently detected in the environment as an alternative plasticizer of BPA. However, there are no reports about BPBP in food safety or its effects on cellular lipogenesis. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence and potential mechanisms of BPBP on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Cells were treated with 4 concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) of BPBP and the results showed that treatment with at low concentrations (0.01 μM) promoted cell fat differentiation and triglyceride accumulation. RNA-seq data showed that a total of 370 differentially expressed genes between control and the low-dose BPBP-treated group were determined, including 227 upregulated genes and 143 downregulated genes. Some key genes related to adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis were significantly enriched after BPBP treatment, including PPAR-γ, Adipoq, Nr1h3 and Plin1. Pathway analyses suggest that the activation of PPAR-γ signaling pathway may be key for BPBP to promote adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation. Our work provides evidence for the potential obesogenic effect of BPBP and may call for further research on the safety of the chemical in food products

Novel HRPT2/CDC73 gene mutations and loss of expression of parafibromin in Chinese patients with clinically sporadic parathyroid carcinomas.

OBJECTIVE: It is widely recognized that the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is often difficult because of the overlap of characteristics between malignant and benign parathyroid tumors, especially at an early stage. Based on the identification of tumor suppressor gene HRPT2/CDC73 and its association with hereditary and sporadic PC, screening of gene mutations and detection of parafibromin immunoreactivity have been suggested as diagnostic instruments of PC in Whites. There is little information about HRPT2/CDC73 mutations and its corresponding protein expression in patients with sporadic PC in Chinese population, and the long-term follow-up data is scarce. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded tissues were obtained from 13 patients with PC, 13 patients with parathyroid adenoma (PA) and 7 patients with parathyroid hyperplasia(PH), and 6 normal parathyroid (NP) tissues as controls. Peripheral blood from 11 patients with PC was collected. PCR products using Genomic DNA extracted from tumor tissues or blood as template was sequenced for HRPT2/CDC73 gene. Expression of parafibromin in tumor tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Six mutations in 6 of 13 patients with PC were identified, with three being novel. Four of them were germ-line mutations. Patients with mutations were susceptible to recurrence of the PC. Complete (8/13, 61.5%) or partial (5/13, 38.5%) loss of parafibromin expression was observed in PC tissues. All of tissue samples from normal parathyroid or benign parathyroid tumors displayed positive immunostaining of parafibromin except one adenoma. CONCLUSIONS: The present study supplies information on the mutations and protein expression of HRPT2/CDC73 gene and phenotypes of parathyroid carcinoma in Chinese population. And the expanded mutation database of this gene may benefit patients in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease

Mutations of <i>HRPT2/CDC73</i> gene.

<p>Mutations of <i>HRPT2/CDC73</i> gene.</p

Comparison between the PC patients with and without HRPT2/CDC73 mutation.

#<p>size of the parathyroid tumor at the first surgery;</p>*<p>biochemical markers before the first surgery; NK: not known; UL: upper limit.</p

H&E staining and IHC staining in tissue samples of different types of PHPT(200×).

<p>NP, normal parathyroid tissue; PH, parathyroid hyperplasia PA, parathyroid adenoma; PC, parathyroid carcinoma A–D H&E staining of normal parathyroid tissue,parathyroid hyperplasia, parathyroid adenoma and parathyroid carcinoma E–G IHC of Parafibromin is specific nuclear staining in normal parathyroid tissue,parathyroid hyperplasia, parathyroid adenoma, brown granulation can be seen in positive nuclear side H Typical loss staining of Parafibromin in PCA–D H&E staining of normal parathyroid tissue,parathyroid hyperplasia, parathyroid adenoma and parathyroid carcinoma E–G IHC of Parafibromin is specific nuclear staining in normal parathyroid tissue, parathyroid hyperplasia, parathyroid adenoma, brown granulation can be seen in positive nuclear side H Typical loss staining of Parafibromin in PC.</p

The primer for amplification of <i>HRPT2/CDC73</i> gene.

<p>Exon 2, 3, 4, 8 and 14 were designed by Primer5.0, the others as reference <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045567#pone.0045567-Juhlin1" target="_blank">[¹⁸]</a>.</p