Differences in the functional connectivity between the PMS and control groups.

<p>The statistical map was derived from a two-sample <i>t</i>-test of DMN components. The red and blue color denote, respectively, the regions showing increased and decreased functional connectivity in the PMS compared with the controls. a, MTG/STG; b, PHG; c, MTG; d, precentralgyrus; e-g, MFG. The bar at the right shows T-values. Images are in radiologic format with the left side of the image corresponding to the right side of the subject’s brain.</p

Correlation between the DMN connectivity and individual pre-VAS levels in the PMS group.

<p>(A) The regions showing significant correlations with pre-VAS. a, cuneus; b/c, MFG. Images are in radiologic format with the left side of the image corresponding to the right side of the subject’s brain. t. Bar at the right shows correlation (r) values. (B) Scatter plots of the correlations between pre-VAS and mean functional connectivity values in the cuneus (center: -3, 84, 3;6mm-radius sphere) and MFG (center: -18, -18, 60; 6mm-radiussphere). Each circular dot represents the data from one participant. The regression line indicates a positive relationship between the connectivity and the pre-VAS.</p

The scores (<i>M</i>±<i>SD</i>) of BAI and BDI for females in the control (<i>N</i> = 16) and PMS (<i>N</i> = 16) groups.

<p>BAI, beck anxiety inventory; BDI, beck depression inventory.</p><p>The scores (<i>M</i>±<i>SD</i>) of BAI and BDI for females in the control (<i>N</i> = 16) and PMS (<i>N</i> = 16) groups.</p

The scores of Pre-VAS (the scores on the visual analog scales for stressful situations before the scanning) and Post-VAS (the scores on the visual analog scales for stressful situations before the scanning) for females in the control (<i>N</i> = 16) and PMS (premenstrual syndrome, <i>N</i> = 16) groups.

<p>The scores of Pre-VAS (the scores on the visual analog scales for stressful situations before the scanning) and Post-VAS (the scores on the visual analog scales for stressful situations before the scanning) for females in the control (<i>N</i> = 16) and PMS (premenstrual syndrome, <i>N</i> = 16) groups.</p

Demographic information for females in the control and PMS groups.

<p>PMS = premenstrual syndrome; MC = menstrual cycle; LP = luteal phase (1~3 days before menstruation); FP = follicular phase (1~3 days after menstruation). There were no significant differences in age, menophania, length of MC or phase of MC under testing for the females in the control and PMS groups.</p><p>Demographic information for females in the control and PMS groups.</p

The functional connectivity map of the DMN (default mode network).

<p>Axial images show the network for the control (upper panel) and PMS (lower panel) groups. The statistical map was derived from a one-sample <i>t</i>-test of DMN components. The bar at the right shows the T-values. Images are in radiologic format with the left side of the image corresponding to the right side of the subject’s brain.</p

Video_1_Microsaccades reflect attention shifts: a mini review of 20 years of microsaccade research.MP4

Microsaccades are small, involuntary eye movements that occur during fixation. Since the 1950s, researchers have conducted extensive research on the role of microsaccades in visual information processing, and found that they also play an important role in human advanced visual cognitive activities. Research over the past 20 years further suggested that there is a close relationship between microsaccades and visual attention, yet lacking a timely review. The current article aims to provide a state-of-the-art review and bring microsaccades studies into the sight of attention research. We firstly introduce basic characteristics about microsaccades, then summarized the empirical evidence supporting the view that microsaccades can reflect both external (perception) and internal (working memory) attention shifts. We finally conclude and highlight three promising avenues for future research.</p

Photoinduced Reactions between Pb₃O₄ and Organic Dyes in Aqueous Solution under Visible Light

Pb₃O₄ could react with organic dyes in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation, in which Pb₃O₄ was transformed into Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂ along with oxidation of the organic dyes. Cu²⁺ has considerable effect on the reaction. In the presence of Cu²⁺, MO (20 ppm) and RhB (10^–5 mol L^–1) were completely degraded under visible light within 6 and 20 min, respectively, while both Pb₃O₄ and Cu²⁺ keep almost stable during photodegradation. The mechanisms of the reactions with and without Cu²⁺ ions were studied. The photochemical system of Pb₃O₄ cooperating with Cu²⁺ ions is probably used for the treatment of organic pollutants in water under visible light

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanosheets as Metal-Free Catalysts for Aerobic Selective Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols

This work demonstrates the molecular engineering of active sites on a graphene scaffold. It was found that the N-doped graphene nanosheets prepared by a high-temperature nitridation procedure represent a novel chemical function of efficiently catalyzing aerobic alcohol oxidation. Among three types of nitrogen species doped into the graphene latticepyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and graphitic Nthe graphitic sp² N species were established to be catalytically active centers for the aerobic oxidation reaction based on good linear correlation with the activity results. Kinetic analysis showed that the N-doped graphene-catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidation proceeds via a Langmuir–Hinshelwood pathway and has moderate activation energy (56.1 ± 3.5 kJ·mol^–1 for the benzyl alcohol oxidation) close to that (51.4 kJ·mol^–1) proceeding on the catalyst Ru/Al₂O₃ reported in literature. An adduct mechanism was proposed to be different remarkably from that occurring on the noble metal catalyst. The possible formation of a sp² N–O₂ adduct transition state, which can oxidize alcohols directly to aldehydes without any byproduct, including H₂O₂ and carboxylic acids, may be a key element step. Our results advance graphene chemistry and open a window to study the graphitic sp² nitrogen catalysis

In Situ Construction of Single-Site Ti Active Centers on Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Chemoselective Hydrogen Transfer Reduction

In this work, we report an in situ construction of single-site Ti active centers on a carbon nitride surface during photocatalytic processes for one-pot chemoselective hydrogen transfer reduction of nitroaromatics and domino-type reaction using Cp2TiCl2 and −OH-enriched carbon nitride (OHCN) as precatalysts. Due to the selective adsorption of nitro and the promotion of photogenerated charge transfer by single-site Ti active species and the formation of Ti3+, the system can achieve an efficient chemoselective reduction of nitroaromatics containing various substituents, especially sensitive substituents (CC, CC, CO, CN, CN, C–X (X is halogen), etc.). The two processes of chemoselective reduction of nitroaromatics and oxidation of aromatic alcohols are photocatalytically coupled to form a complete photocatalytic cycle, which allows the simultaneous formation of two high-value-added products, aromatic amines and aromatic aldehydes. More valuable products like imines are obtained by effecting the reduction of the nitro moiety to −NH2 in the presence of aromatic alcohols that can react in a domino-type process. This work guides the in situ preparation of non-noble metallic single-site photocatalysts and provides a strategy for the photocatalytic synthesis of valuable organic compounds from nitroaromatics